Short Answer Questions

Question 1

Oldowan Tools

Answer 1

Casually shaped flakes struck from rough cobbles
Dismembering flesh and bones
Gorge where archaeologists first discovered
Earliest humans made these simple tools (Australopithecus)

Question 2

Acheulian Hand Axes

Answer 2

Homo Egaster
Core tool (flakes were taken off)
butcher large animals, dig edible roots, missles
Versatile, stayed for over a million years

Question 3

Younger Dryas

Answer 3

Polar Flower (10 000 BC) 
Lake Agassiz released billions of gallons of glacial water into N Alantic
Shut down gulf stream (warm water circulation), created intense drought in SW asia and arctic conditions in europe
Results in improved technologies for grinding as response to climate change

Question 4

Fertile Crescent

Answer 4

Early farming communities in Levatine Corridor
1st place people in the middle east began farming at
Abu Hureya (euphrates river)
Jericho (deep occupation site)

Question 5

Cuneiform

Answer 5

Wedge shaped markings with a reed (stylus) on clay tablets
1st writing used by sumerians to keep track of trades
increasing trade meant scribes had to keep track of inventories and movement of goods

Question 6

Pyramid Building

Answer 6

1) Meidum pyramid - collapsed, built at 52 degrees
2) Bent pyramid - began with 52 degrees but finished off at 43.5 (maybe after collapse of meidum)
3) Red pyramid - shallow at 43.5 but learned how to operate large stones safely
4) Pyramids of Giza which are almost as good as new after 5000 years

Question 7

Bait Al-Hikamah

Answer 7

815 AD
Research center with observatory
School with many of the most important scholars
Greek, persian, indian books all translated to arabic

Question 8

Shang Oracle Bones

Answer 8

10 to 1000s of inscribed animal shoulder blades
Divination concerns outcome of military campaigns
Shang rulers asked them to ask questions to ancestors/gods and wrote theq eustions on the bones
bones would be heated to create cracks and were then interpreted

Question 9

Johannes Gutenberg

Answer 9

One of many experimenting with printing
goldsmith by trade
1450 printing books commericially but abonded in 1460 bcus blind
Used individual metal letters instead of plates, infinite combitinations
Applied inked letters to paper with press mechanism (like the wine press)