Short Answer Questions

Question 1

List and briefly explain the 5 stages of nursing process.

Answer 1

Remember ADPIE
Assessment (of patients needs) through data collection - clinical records, health history, interview, physical assessment.
Diagnosis (of human response needs that nursing can assist with) interpreting data. Analyse the assessment data to determine diagnoses; Interpret data, identify cluster of cues, identify related factors, document the diagnosis.
Planing (of patient care) by establishing priorities, developing outcomes, identify interventions. Set time frames for outcomes, document plan of care.
Implementation of care - Implement the interventions (action types) in the plan of care; review planned interventions, involve the patient in the health care, collaborate with other team members, document care provided.
Evaluation (of patients care) and compare expected outcomes with actual outcomes. Modifying the plan of care if necessary. Summarise results of evaluation. Document evaluation of the persons achievement of outcomes and any modifications.

Question 2

Briefly explain what is a nursing diagnosis.

Answer 2

A Nursing Diagnosis deals with human responses to actual or potential health problems and life processes. It takes into consideration holistic health view of treating mind, body and spirit as interdependent and functioning as a whole within the environment.
A nursing diagnosis will ensure that you select relevant and appropriate nursing interventions.

Question 3

Briefly explain what a medical diagnosis is.

Answer 3

A medical diagnosis deals with disease or medical conditions. It focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of pathogen and curing of disease.

Question 4

Explain evidence based practice.

Answer 4

The practice of nursing in which the nurse makes clinical decisions based on the best available current research evidence, … clinical experience … needs & preferences of the patient

Question 5

List the process by which clinical decisions are made

Answer 5

Best research evidence.
Clinical experience
Patient preferences (values)
= Best patient outcomes

Question 6

Identify and briefly explain the working phase of gathering data.

Answer 6

1. Open-ended questions - asks for narrative information. It is unbiased and leaves the person free to answer in any way. these questions encourages the person to respond in paragraphs.
2. Closed or direct questions- asks for specific questions. they elicit a short, one or two word answer, a yeas or no, or a forced choice.
3. Responses- assisting the narrative. Encouraging the patient to talk freely while keeping them on point.

Question 7

Which governing body outlines ethical principles for nurses?

Answer 7

Nursing and Midwifery board of Australia - Code of Ethics for nurses in Australia.

Question 8

List 5 of the ANMAC conduct standards identified in the Code of Professional Conduct.

Answer 8

1. Nurses practise in a safe and competent manner.
2. Nurses practise in accordance with the standards of
   the profession and broader health system.
3. Nurses practise and conduct themselves in
   accordance with laws relevant to the profession and
   practice of nursing.
4. Nurses respect the dignity, culture, ethnicity, values
   and beliefs of people receiving care and treatment,
   and of their colleagues.
5. Nurses treat personal information obtained in a
   professional capacity as private and confidential.
6. Nurses provide impartial, honest and accurate
   information in relation to nursing care and health
   care products.
7. Nurses support the health, wellbeing and informed
   decision-making of people requiring or receiving
   care.
8. Nurses promote and preserve the trust and privilege
   inherent in the relationship between nurses and
   people receiving care.
9. Nurses maintain and build on the community’s trust
   and confidence in the nursing profession.
10. Nurses practise nursing reflectively and ethically

Question 9

Identify and briefly define the components of the health history

Answer 9

Biographical data- name, age, D.O.B, address, martial status, occupation, gender, first language spoken, next of kin, religion
Reason for seeking care- describe the reason for the visit.
Present health or history of present illness- chronological record of the reason for seeking care from when the 1st symptom started until now.
Past history- past health events may have a residual effect on current health.
Family history- data may have a genetic significance to the patient.
Review of symptoms, function and risk- review effects of illness and symptoms on the persons function. Double checking for any data omitted, identify potential health risks, evaluate health promotion practices.

Question 10

An element of the ANMC Code for the Registered Nurse is the National Competency Standards; Please list 5 of these standards here?

Answer 10

1. Practises in accordance with legislation affecting nursing practice and health care
2. Practices within a professional and ethical nursing framework
3. Practices within an evidence-based framework
4. Participates in ongoing professional development of self and others
5. Conducts a comprehensive and systematic nursing assessment
6. Plans nursing care in consultation with individuals/group, significant others and interdisciplinary health care team
7. Provides comprehensive, safe and effective evidence-based nursing care to achieve identified individual/group health outcome.
8. Evaluates progress towards expected individual/group health outcomes in consultation with individuals/groups, significant others and interdisciplinary health care team.
9. Establishes, maintains and appropriately concludes therapeutic relationships.
10. Recognises that the membership and roles of health care teams and services providers will vary depending on an individual’s groups needs and health care setting.

Question 11

Identify the four clusters of moral principles.

Answer 11

Justice-fairness and equality for all.
Autonomy- right of an individual to make a choice
Beneficence- acting in the best interest of the patient
Non-maleficence- do no harm

Question 12

identify and briefly explain 4 interview techniques, maximum marks will be awarded for full descriptions of each technique.

Answer 12

Funnelling- begin with general and broad- narrow down to specific
Story telling- questions which encourage the telling of the story ie”Tell me about….”
Probing - eliciting further details or seeking clarification
Paraphrasing-facilitates understanding and clarity.

Question 13

List the 3 levels of prioritised problems.

Answer 13

1st level - (ABCED) - Airways, Breathing, Circulation, Exposure,Disability
2nd level problems- immediate after initial treatment.
3rd level problems- deals with anything else

Question 14

What is the CNS consist of?

Answer 14

The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 15

What does the PNS consist of?

Answer 15

The PNS consists of cranial nerves/spinal nerves

Question 16

List how many regions there are in the spine and and how many in each region.

Answer 16

There are 4 regions.
Cervical Region- 7- (arm and hand function
Thoracic Region- 12 (Chest and abdominal functions)
Lumbar region- 5 (leg,knee and foot functions)
Sacral region- 5 (leg, buttocks, foot, bowel, bladder and sexual function)

Question 17

What are the 4 basic steps used when conducting a physical assessment?

Answer 17

IPPA
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Ascultation

Question 18

What is autonomy?

Answer 18

the right of an individual to make a choice

Question 19

What is beneficence?

Answer 19

Acting in the best interest of the patient.
Example: giving a baby an immunisation vaccine may cause the baby harm in the short term however can ultimately protect them from certain deadly illnesses

Question 20

what is non-maleficence?

Answer 20

The principle to above all do no harm

Question 21

What is justice?

Answer 21

Fairness and equality to all.

Question 22

What is SONPDMF?

Answer 22

Scope of nursing practice decision making format.
It is the process nurses use when making decisions about the care for patients, clients or residents.
It enables nurses to respond to rapid and dynamic changes in the nursing profession.

Question 23

What are the main components of a mental status examination?

Answer 23

(ABCT)
A- Appearance
B- Behaviour
C- Cognition
T- Thought process

Question 24

List 5 of the ANMC Code if Ethics

Answer 24

1. Nurses value quality nursing care for all people
2. Nurses value respect and kindness for self and others
3. Nurses value the diversity of people
4. Nurses value access to quality nursing and health care for all people
5. Nurses value informed decision making
6. Nurses value a culture of safety in nursing and health care
7. Nurses value ethical management of information
8. Nurses value a socially, economically and ecologically sustainable environment promoting health and wellbeing.

Question 25

List the 4 types different kinds of database collections a nurse would collect depending on the clinical situation.

Answer 25

1. Complete (total) assessment- includes a complete health history and full physical examination.
2. Focused (episodic/problem centred) assessment- concerns mainly one problem, focused assessment.
3. Follow-up assessment- follow up on the status of short term or chronic health problems.
4. Emergency assessment- rapid data collection, often complied concurrently with lifesaving measures (ABCED)