Short Answer Cht. 17-33 Flashcards
A. Philip randolph
labor and civil rights leader who demanded FDR create a Fair Employment Commission to investigate job discrimination Industries FDR to end discrimination in armed forces which created the executive order 8802
Abu ghraib
prison in Baghdad where American forces were torturing the prisoners. this led to the increased tensions on the home front during the Iraq war. led to the McCain amendment which outlawed such treatment but bush denounced but signed
AFL
American Federation of Labor. A union of skilled workers from one or more trades which focused on collective bargaining (negotiation between labor and management) to reach written agreements on wages hours and working conditions. The AFL used strikes as a major tactic to win higher wages and shorter work weeks. Endorsed immigration restriction during the Progressive Era, and La Follette for president in the 1920s. the amount of people who joined unions increased but the unions discriminated based on race
AAA
Provided crop subsidies to reduce production and educational programs to teach methods of preventing soil erosion. this protected farmers from price drop but angered Americans bc food was going to waste
Aimee McPherson
fundamentalist and media sensation who also created the Foursquare church. created precedent for future televangelist
al Smith
first Catholic nominated for president. lost in 1928 because of his religion, urban background and views on prohibition. criticized the new deal as socialist and helped form the anti new deal American Liberty League
Alberto Gonzalez
torture memo regarding prisoner torture Guantanamo Bay us Attorney General for George W bush argued president use whatever measures needed to prevent any future attacks. was main influence of Bush’s response to 9/11
Alfred mahan
wrote “the sea influence of the sea upon history” which increased expansionists mood. advocated a movement to acquire foreign territories
Alger hiss
state department official who was accused of being a Soviet spy and was put In prison. thought to be a victim of Nixon’s ruthlessness but was later found to be an actual Soviet spy. increased the suspicion that Dem was associated to communism and fed McCarthyism and helped Republicans
Alice paul
women’s suffrage leader who founded the national women’s party to pressure congress to pass a women’s suffrage amendment. led to the key wins in NY and MI which ultimately led to the win for women’s sufferage
alliance for progress
aimed to establish economic cooperation between Latin America and US by helping overcome poverty under JFK. was actually a way to try to contain communism
Andrew mellon
was sec of the Treasury under Harding who favored trickle down economics. tried to get congress to make a cut in income tax for the wealthy to promote business. was influential under Reagan and supply side economics
Anthony Comstock
create the NY society for the suppression of vice. pushed for tougher measures against sins. shut down gambling, and lottery operations and censored obscene publications
Atlanta compromise
agreement with southern blacks would work meekly and submit to white political rule. southern whites guaranteed that blacks would receive basic education and due process in law. helped ease race tensions in society by insisting that blacks should prove economic value and racism would go away
Betty friedan
wrote “the feminine mystique” that denounced the suburban home as a “comfortable concentration camp”. insisted that women must work outside home. helped progress women towards independence
big stick policy
neg peacefully while also threatening w the “big stick” or the military. especially in terms of Latin America and the Roosevelt corollary. policy of imperialism which acted to worsen foreign relationship w Latin american countries by acting out of business interests
bonus army
jobless ww1 vets came to Washington to lobby congress to give them immediate payment of money promised to them by 1945. Hoover opposed the payments and sent the army after them
bull Conner
police commissioner in Birmingham Alabama who pledged to keep Birmingham segregated. sent men w electric cattleprods, high pressure water hoses, and snarling attack dogs onto non violent protesters. vicious tactics pushed Kennedy to negotiate with demonstrators
bull moose
TR’s supporters left Republicans convention outraged at Chicago disqualifying many of Roosevelt’s delegates. nominated Hiram Johnson, endorsed nearly every reform cause, including lower tariffs, women’s suffrage, business regulations, abolition of child labor, eight hour work days, workers compensation. helped business regulations which improved working conditions
Caesar Chavez
turned to the more militant tactics of the Latino civil rights movement. was a charismatic leader who blended religion with nonviolent resistance to fight for social changes.
camp David Accords
agreement reached between leaders of Israel and Egypt after protracted negotiations brokered by Carter. Israel surrendered land seized in earlier wars and Egypt recognized Israel as a nation. did not lead to lasting peace
Carrie nation
radical member of temperance movement and used vandalism to achieve her goals. helped pave way to eighteenth and nineteenth amendment
Charles coughlin
attacked FDR and encouraged the national Union of social justice. anti-Semitic and called for the nationalization of banks. potent force against the new deal
Charles Lindbergh
first man to fly nonstop across the Atlantic ocean, and became a classic American hero. became celebrity who portrayed individualism
children’s aid society
founded by William Bruce and established forms, reading rooms, and workshops where boys could learn practical skills. took orphaned children off streets and shipped them to the country and placed with families to work
CCC
sent 250k young men to work camps to perform restoration and conservation tasks. removed surplus of workers from cities, provided healthy conditions for boys, provided money for families. combined work relief with environmental projects
Clayton act
took a legal approach, listed corporate activities that could lead to federal lawsuits, spelled out specific illegal practices such as selling at a loud to undercut competitors. Wilson administration able to effectively regulate business by filling nearly 100 antitrust suits
Cody’s army
unemployed workers matched from Ohio to Washington to draw attention to the plight of workers and to ask the government for relief. Cleveland still wouldn’t intervene
Daniel ellsburgh
Nixon’s plumbers targeted him by breaking into his psychiatrist office. the one who released the Pentagon papers
David reisman
wrote”the lonely cloud” and believed that the new company people were eager to follow the cuse from their peers and not think innovatively or act independently
Dennis vs united States
declared that Congress could limit freedom of speech is National Security required such restriction and affirm the conviction and jailing of the communist despite any evidence of Espionage or violence. this high-end Cold War anxieties about Communists and spies which allowed the Truman Administration to gain a firm control
detente
reduce tensions, as with Nixon’s Cold War policy towards China and the Soviet Union. full diplomatic relations were achieved in 1979 and Nixon’s trip to Soviet Union in 1972 resulted in several trade and Technology agreements as well as SALT 1 and ABM. help ease relations with these countries as Nixon took the first steps in ending the arms race
Dixiecrats
angry segregationist formed the states rights Democratic Party, nominating Thurmond, and became known as Dixiecrats. We’re not successful. allowed Truman to freely campaign as a champion of civil rights and ultimately win election
Dollar Diplomacy
term used to describe the efforts of the u.s. to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by guaranteeing loans to foreign countries. us-backed revolution in Nicaragua, install Diaz, and made Investments, although Diaz abused citizens
Edward Bellamy
envisioned a utopian socialist society where the government owns the means of production and distributed wealth equally among all citizens attack the harsh version of social Darwinism, which was the belief that one was better simply based on status
Emma Goldman
prominent radical and not the leader of birth control movement. Deported as the result of the Red Scare. Lecture Don politics and feminism which helped weaken stereotypes
Espionage Act
passed by Wilson Administration in 1917 to curb the right to free speech, said fines and prison sentences for a variety of anti-war activities, Target anti-war protesters used by Wilson to descend and opposition for the war in order for it to continue. Led to the climate of Conformity and suspicion
Eugene Debs
American Union Leader one of the founders of international labor union and the industrial workers of the world, and five times Socialist Party of America presidential candidate. opposed World War 1, influenced socialism and ran for president in jail
FDIC
Federal deficit Insurance Corporation,(banking act of 1933) insured all Bank deposits up to $5,000 extended powers of Federal Reserve board to prevent stock speculation. One of FDR’s major measures enacted by during the 100 days which aimed at repairing the banking system
Federal Highway Act
largest Public Works project in the United States history Eisenhower signed the law which built over 400 million miles of highways in the United States has a cost of 25 billion dollars and created the interstate highway system. help interconnect the nation and led to suburbanization
Federal Trade Commission
enacted by Wilson in 1914 to control monopolies. this regulatory agency would monitor Interstate business activities enforce companies who broke laws to comply with government cease and desist orders. required regular reports from corporations. Wilson’s Progressive legislation after 1914 would be eclipsed by World War 1. this was generally ineffective but it progressed the movement towards business regulation and was followed by The Clayton Act
flappers
young women who began to break away from Victorian style, to the disgust of their elders. behavior was very public. identified as progressives but similarly to the hippies, the flappers did not advocate much other than free spirits and parties
fourteen points
ww1 came to an end and it was time to negotiate peace and Wilson had included self determination, that colonial disputes take into account the interests of the colonized people’s, a world of free navigation and free trade and called for a league of Nations
Francis Townsend
retired physician who proposed in old age revolving pension plan to give every retiree over $6,200 per month provided that the person spend the money each month in order to receive their next payment. the object of Townsend plan was to help retired workers as well as simulate spending in order to boost production and end depression
Frederick Jackson Turner
American historian, said that Humanity would continue to progress as long as there were new land to move into. The frontier provided a place for homeless and solved social problems. gave an idealized view of the West which reflected popular ideas
Gentlemen’s Agreement
1906, in the San Francisco School Board assigned all Asian children to segregated schools. Japan protested this insult. FDR was able to get the school board to reserve a discriminatory policy, and Japan pledged to end Japanese immigration to us. racist attitudes remain. Represented an effort to relieve the growing tension between the US and Japan, however it did not work it influenced the racism leading to the Japanese internment of World War II
GI Bill
has World War II ended, this bill was passed in 1944, designed to forestall the expected recession by easing vets back into the workforce, to reward the soldiers and reduce their fears of female competition. I gave that’s priority for my many jobs, unemployment benefits, VA hospitals, and provided low-interest loans to returning GIS who were interested in starting business or buying homes or Farms. promise to pay up to four years of further education or job trainings to vets. Millions of homes bought with the loan which led to a baby boom suburbanization and record demand for goods and services education became more practical go for people of all social levels even the poor democratized higher education and propelled many vets to middle class as consumers
George Creel
has the u.s. reluctantly mobilize for World War One, the country was aided by the formation of the committee on Public Information headed by crew. This department was given the task of gaining the support of Americans for the war through massive propaganda machine. And publicize the government’s versions of events and discredited all who question the version. Posters, speeches and Liberty leagues throughout the country and courage Americans to buy war bonds and support the war effort. The War fever caused by the government propaganda, especially by creel, encourage intellectual Conformity and intolerance of dissent. By feeling the repressive Spirit, the government could Hound minority groups to create in Stereo and hostility among the public
George Kennan
American Diplomat in Moscow who was the architect of the containment concept. And his article the sources of Soviet conduct he said the USSR was historically and ideologically driven to expand and that the United States must practice Vigilant containment to stop this expansion. Truman accepted this advice. Containment became Washington’s gospel. Help the US to enhance their own security and influence abroad. Created a rhetoric for becoming involved in other countries in order to contain Communism
George McGovern
how many credit of Vietnam War, in the Senate. Capitalized on anti-war sentiment, and Blitz to the Democratic primaries. He gained support from the new party rules requiring State delegations to include minority, female, and youth delegates in approximate proportion to their numbers. One nomination. Perceptions as inept or radical drove away all but the most committed supporters. Endorse the decriminalization of marijuana, an immediate withdrawal from Vietnam, and pardons for those would fled to avoid the draft.
George Wallace
governor who refused to allow to black students to enter the University of Alabama and pledged segregation now segregation tomorrow segregation forever. segregationist supported Wallace in 1964 election. Did not welfare mothers, and pie war demonstrators, and black militants. Wanted you crack down on Counter Culture. Appeal to the reaction against liberalism which occurred from the hippie and anti-war movements. His actions urged JFK to Define civil rights as a moral issue and you propose a bill outlawed segregation in public facilities
Gideon vs. Wainwright
major decision of the Warren Court. Decided that states are required to provide attorneys to public its expense for Indigent defendants in felony cases 1963. expanded the constitutional rights of the alleged criminals
Ginford Pinchot
environmentalist Progressive who saw the public domain as a resource to be managed wisely. Appointed by TR in 1905 to head The New u.s. Forest Service, he was not a preservation but conservation deep land use of force land for public and Commercial purposes. His ideas for in contrast to mirrors and Theodore Roosevelt as preservationist
glass-steagall Act
passed in 1933 as a Banking Act which prohibited Commercial Bank for participating in the investment banking business created the FDIC. Emergency measure to counter the failure of almost 5,000 Banks during the Great Depression
Good Neighborpolicy
Hoover proposed using diplomacy instead of military force to Stave off potential threats across the world. With the initiation of the Good Neighbor policy, which withdrew US forces from Nicaragua and promise to stay out of Latin America affairs, it was clear that Americans were interested in maintaining their distance from world affairs through and isolationist policy, but held with tight grip through economic intervention has with Cuba Verde help install Batista. instead of using military force, this policy actually worse for line America in some aspects because they were controlled economically
Grenada
as part of Reagan’s plan to contain Communism specifically in Latin America, he led an unqualified success in Latin America involving the island, Grenada. In 19 83, a co-op had installed a radical, croak Castro government. In response, Regan said two thousand troops to invade Grenada and set up a pro US government. That accredits gambled but most Canadians approved the military intervention. Worked out pretty well for The grenadians, Who celebrate the invasion as their Thanksgiving day. However, it is still evidence of the u.s. asserting its dominance of smaller countries.
Gulf of Tonkin
Patrol boats allegedly crashed with two US destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin. Johnson condemned the attack is unprovoked. Let you the authorization by Congress empowering President necessary measures to protect us forces in Vietnam. Gave Johnson a blank check to determine the level of force, which made massive intervention more likely. Revolution also allowed opponents of the war to charge that LBJ had food Congress and lied to the people, decreasing in popularity
Harlem Renaissance
the Flesh of African American literature and art in the 1920s, mostly in urban centres Across America. Prominent figures such as Langston Hughes, Claude Mckay, w e b Dubois. Memorable achievement and burst of creativity among the black community. But supported brought misunderstanding and attempts at control homeless romanticize and its problems breaking your overall raised awareness for blacks
Harry Hopkins
closest advisor to Roosevelt and FDR tsar of relief programs. he headed the federal relief Administration, Civil Works Administration, and works progress administration in later undertook diplomatic missions in the USSR. One of the most powerful figures in the new deal. As unemployment continue, he convinced FDR to support Direct Federal relief programs
Haymarket affair
bombing in Chicago in 1886 at a labor route. Skilled workers abandoned the Knights of Labor in favor of the AFL people. Associated unions with violence. Business Leaders in middle-class citizens lashed out at Labor activists
head start
- Provided low-cost free schooling to low-income children to read events Elementary School. Provided more than 1 billion dollars to public schools for books materials and special ed programs. To aid educationally deprived children.
Helsinki Accords
- A major diplomatic agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland. The Helsinki Accords were primarily an effort to reduce tensions between the Soviet Union and Western blocks by securing their common acceptance of post World War 2 status quo in Europe the Accords were signed by all the countries of Europe and by the United States and Canada. recognize the inviolability of the post-world War II Frontiers in Europe let your spec human rights and fundamental freedoms and to cooperate and economic, scientific, humanitarian, and other areas
Henry Cabot Lodge
Republican senator. One of the most outspoken opponent of Wilson in the Treaty of Versailles. Why did his reservationist would only agree to ratify the treaty is the ability to easily and international seconds of the Monroe Doctrine were added. Healthfield opposition to the league unless Wilson would compromise. Ultimately was waiting for spine the lead in shot down in Congress
Hepburn Act
1906 Empower PICC to set a maximum railroad rates and to examine railroads practice for Distributing free passes to ministers and other shape first of public opinion it displayed FDR’s political Talent, as he argued away Terrace reform in return for railroad regulation. Although the actor not fully satisfy reformers it did expand the government’s regulatory powers. Also curtailed practices of handing out free passes
Hoovervilles
Hanson shantytowns of the unemployed and homeless, especially veterans, and skirts of major cities during the early days with depression. Mm also build up shampoo town on Washington after they were denied their pensions. Symbols of Hoover’s programs failures and be waiting Nation held him responsible for the hard time
HUAC
Congressional committee formed in the 1930s to interskate perceived threats to democracy. I came for you, the comedian Faith foundation for the red scary president investigated allegations of communist subversion and Hollywood in Pursuit Al Griffiths parrot for in the labor movement into expelling Connie this and avoiding Progressive causes
Huey Long
flamboyant Louisiana governor and US senator. Challenge FDR to do more for the poor and needy and proposed a popular share our wealth program to tax the wealthy 100% over a million dollars to in order to provide a guaranteed income for they wanted to become president. Assassinated in 1935. His radicalism help after your weekend protocol High Ground in 1935 with a series of bold initiative the result was a first surge of legislation that revaled that of the hundred days
Huey Newton
co-founder with Bobby seale of the Black Panthers party for self-defense. In response to police brutality against black, the party was organized along semi military Pines and advocated fighting for black Justice. One of the more radical, finally groups during the time when no violent protests were dominant. sponsor Community Center in school breakfast program. Violence within the organisation splintered black and white civil rights Alliance and contributed to the right ward turn in politics
Ida Tarbell
MTG muckraker awaken the middle class readers to Industry conditions in America. Wrote the history of Standard Oil Company in which she depicted John D Rockefeller as a money grabber monopolized the oil trade. She along with other muckrakers, awakened middle-class readers to conditions in industrial America. This help build support for business and safety regulations
Immigration restriction act
1921: Emergency Quota Act, limited the number of immigrants entering the US, allow 3% of the size of each nationality living in the US in the year 1910, drastically limited the immigration from southern/eastern Europe.
1924: Created a permanent quota system, chopped the 1921 annual quota from 358,000 to 164,000, reduced the immigration limit from 3% to 2% of each foreign born nationality living in the US in 1890, provided for a future reduction of the quota to 154,000
Interstate commerce commission
Regulate and investigate railroad companies that participated in interstate rail trafficking. Then monopolistic activity like pulling, repeats, and a scrimmage for a short distance right. Strengthened by Hepburn act and the man Elkins act which extended it’s regulatory authority to telephone and telegraph companies
Irreconcilables
Oppose the Treaty of Versailles. Refused to ratify the treaty under any circumstance. How to bring greater opposition to the treaty and brought to break the real reason Wilson went to war
IWW
Industrial workers of the world. The union founded in 1905 the target the most exported workers. Nicknamed the wobblies, founded by big bull Haywood. Lead massive strikes on Nevada a gold mines, iron, timber. Reputation for being violent and was dissolved by 1920. Their strengths in leading strikes helped bring about change in the progressive area
J Edgar Hoover
first director of the FBI who allowed the agency to infringe on civil liberties. Before this position he ordered the arrest of hundreds of suspected Communists during the Red Scare. Created a rhetoric of secrecy within the government and its agency along with the Dulles brother s
Jack Kerouac
wrote on the road in 1957, this was the most popular document of the Beat Generation. This was supposed to cross country road trip with Kerouac and his friends. He scoffed that the square America. Romanticized society’s outcasts and glorified inhibited sexuality / spontaneity. expressed a fundamental revolt against middle-class Society. Scorned Conformity, religion, family values, and materialism
Jacob Riis
had a groom account of life in New York immigrant wards, How the Other Half Lives I go to Reverend Andrew Marines outspoken the bitter Cry of outcast London. Believe that the basic cause of urban distress was the immigrants lack of self-discipline in control. focused on moral Improvement in exposing squalid tenement housing although he tried to help, his efforts were more about American ization
James Watt
Secretary of interior James Watt open Federal Wilderness areas, Forest land, and Coastal Waters to oil, gas, and Timber companies, and cut back on Environmental Protection and endangered species laws. hursley protested however can’t influence people especially Republicans, into thinking that environment was unimportant.
Josh Ashcroft
American attorney and politician who served as the 39th us attorney general, in the George W Bush’s Administration during the war on terror. Sharply restricted civil liberties and detained or deported immigrants suspected of terrorism
John Dean
Nixon special counsel who Nixon of fired. Dean refused to be a scapegoat for Watergate. Nixon wanted to blame him because in February 1973, the Senate established a special committee on presidential campaign activities to investigate Watergate, so next needed a scapegoat. Testify that Nixon directed The cover-up of Watergate crisis. Helped lead to more controversy in the Scandal
John Foster Dulles
Eisenhower Secretary of State, moralistic in his belief that communism was evil and must be confronted with brinkmanship(the readings and willingness to go to war) and “massive retaliation (the that of using nuclear weapons)
John hay
Republican expansionist who preached Imperial greatness and Military might. Called the Spanish-American War a splendid little War II Roosevelt. American Secretary of State who attempted to preserve China’s Independence and protect American interests in China. Announce the open door policy. Expansionism? Bueller support for the Spanish-American war and other imperialist feet. Open Door showed how commercial considerations were increasingly influencing US foreign policy
John Maynard Keynes
ignominious to argue that government should deliberately use deficit spending during depressions to fund Public Works programs, thereby increasing purchasing power and stimulating recovery.
