Short answer Flashcards
Which ligaments join the laminae of adjacent vertebral arches and help to preserve the normal curvature of the spine?
Ligament flava
List the structures that make up the vertebral arch.
Pedicles
Laminae
Describe the site and types of the facet joints.
The facet joints are located between the articular processes of two adjacent vertebrae. They
are synovial joints that allow for flexibility and movement of the spine.
Describe the structure and function of the intervertebral discs.
The intervertebral discs consist of an outer fibrous ring called the annulus fibrosus and an
inner gel-like core called the nucleus pulposus.
They act as shock absorbers and allow for movement and flexibility of the spine.
List the three main features of the typical cervical vertebrae.
Bifid spinous process
Transverse foramina
Small and oval vertebral body
List the names of the ligaments which are connected to the vertebral body.
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
List the names of the processes of each vertebra.
Spinous process
Transverse processes
Articular processes
List the names of the ligaments which are connected to the dens of C2.
Alar ligaments
Apical ligament
Cruciate ligament (transverse part)
List four anatomical events that occur at the level of the sternal angle (Lewis Angle).
Bifurcation of the trachea
Beginning and end of the aortic arch
Intersection with the second rib
Separation of the superior and inferior mediastinum
List the cranial bones that are joined together by the squamous suture.
Temporal
Parietal
List the names of the bones that form the medial and lateral walls of the orbit.
Medial wall: ethmoid, lacrimal, maxilla, sphenoid (body)
Lateral wall: zygomatic, sphenoid (greater wing)
Name the four parts of the temporal bones of the skull.
Squamous part
Mastoid part
Petrous part
Tympanic part
Name the skull bones that form the cranial vault.
Frontal bone
Parietal bones (2)
Occipital bone
Name the four parts of the sphenoid bone of the skull.
Body of sphenoid
Greater wings
Lesser wings
Pterygoid processes
Describe the attachments of the joint capsule of the shoulder joint.
The joint capsule attaches medially to the glenoid cavity and laterally to the anatomical neck
of the humerus.
List the three bony processes of the scapula.
Acromion
Coracoid process
Spine of scapula
List the names and sites of the four nerves related to the humerus.
Axillary nerve: around the surgical neck
Radial nerve: in the radial groove
Ulnar nerve: behind the medial epicondyle
Median nerve: anterior to the elbow joint
List the four bony components of the elbow joints.
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Olecranon
What are the carpal bones that share in the formation of the wrist joint?
Scaphoid
Lunate
Which joints are responsible for the motion of pronation and supination in the forearm?
Proximal radioulnar joint
Distal radioulnar joint
List the three structures of the subtalar joint.
Talus
Calcaneus
Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
Describe the attachment and the structures deep to the flexor retinacula around the ankle.
Attachment: Medial malleolus to calcaneus.
Structures deep: Tendons of tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis
longus.
Posterior tibial artery.
Tibial nerve.
Describe the anatomy of the extensor retinacula around the ankle.
The extensor retinaculum is divided into superior and inferior parts, which cover the tendons
of tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus.
Describe the anatomy of the peroneal (fibular) retinacula around the ankle.
The fibular retinaculum is located laterally, covering the tendons of fibularis longus and
brevis.
