shock, haemorrhage and wounds

Question 1

shock

Answer 1

-A life-threatening, generalised form of acute circulatory failure with inadequate oxygen delivery and utilisation by cells

Question 2

distributive shock

Answer 2

Failure of vasoregulation, Severe peripheral vasodilation

Sepsis – toxic affect of inflammatory response

Anaphylaxis – massive release of biochemical mediators

Neurogenic – spinal cord injury cause vagal tone problems

Question 3

hypovolaemic

Answer 3

Loss of intravascular volume

Haemorrhage – trauma, GI bleeding

Non- haemorrhage – burns, DKA

Question 4

cardiogenic shock

Answer 4

Pump failure

Myocardial infarction

Arrhythmias

Mechanical

Question 5

obstructive shock

Answer 5

Barriers to cardiac flow or filling

PE, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax

Question 6

abrasion

Answer 6

Superficial/Deep
Dragging against an irregular surface
Clean debris
Dress
Bleeding not usually an issue
Theatre to scrub

Question 7

laceration

Answer 7

Blunt force trauma
Skin splitting , tissue bridging, irregular edges and levels of depth
Has legal/forensic implications
Irrigate, clean
Close: Glue, Steristrips, Staples, Sutures

Question 8

incised

Answer 8

Sharp or penetrating trauma
Slash/stab type
Clean edges, uniform shape
Stabs look less dramatic but beware depth
Investigate for underlying damage (ATLS)

Question 9

degloving

Answer 9

Skin and its blood supply are torn off
Major trauma
Limbs/digits
Often associated more severe injuries