Shock - Fluid - Electrolytes Flashcards
%-age of body fluid in ECF of Newborn
50%
%-age of body fluid in ECF of Toddler
30%
Insensible Loss
Water loss through he skin and respiratory tract
Typical causes of dehydration in children
Lack of Intake Vomiting Diarrhea DKA Burns
Hypovolemia
Too much fluid
Low circulating blood volume
Poor tissue perfusion
Poor end organ support
Hypotension
Failure to maintain blood volumes and circulation
No support to organ structure
Directly affects brain (near) and Kidneys (UO)
Hyponatremia
Typically caused by sweating and not rehydrating
Seen in infants who not not get the PO replacement
Side effect: SIEZURES
Diagnosis of Dehydration
Sunken fontanel Dry mucous membranes No tears Ketotic/sweet smelling breath Neuro issues Tachy Hypotensive Low UO Cap refill >3 secs Poor skin turgor Generalized edema (peri orbital/genitalia/abdomenal)
Labs to look at in dehydration
Sodium Potassium BUN Creatinine Chloride Glucose
Shock
Clinical state of inadequate tissue and organ perfusion r/t the movement of blood or plasma out of the intravascular space
Causes of Shock
Hemorrhage (actual loss)
Redistribution (secondary to burns, sepsis, Nephrotic syndrome)
F&E imbalance r/t dehydration, DKA, or DI
Types of Shock
hypovolemic
septic
cardiogenic
Bolus replacement fluids
one time/two time short term event. Need a boost in hydration.
High volume quickly over short period of time (30-60 minutes)
NS
LR
10-20 ml/Kg
Maintenance replacement fluids
How much we require during the day
D5 1/2 NS
D5 1/4 NS
4-2-1 calculation
Edema
Caused by changes in filtration process of blood
