Shock & Edema Flashcards
List the three key elements of shock
- Life-threatening condition
- Circulatory failure
- Inadequate oxygenation
List the 4 main types of shock
- Distributive shock
- Hypovolemic shock
- Cardiogenic shock
- Obstructive shock
List the common causes of distributive shock
Sepsis (septic shock), anaphylaxis, neurogenic
List the common causes of hypovolemic shock
Hemorrhage
Severe burns
Severe vomiting, diarrhea
List the common causes of cardiogenic shock
Myocardial infarct
Ventricular arrhythmia
Cardiac myopathy
Valvular disease
List the common causes of cardiogenic shock
Cardiac tamponade
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax
Identify the component of gram negative bacteria that mediates septic shock
Endotoxins cause release of cytokines & cytokines determine response based on concentration
Describe the positive role of adrenomedullin in modulating vascular function
Adrenomedullin (ADM), when in vascular space, tightens the junctions to decrease the leakiness of the capillaries
Describe the possible negative of taking adrenomedullin to modulate vascular function
If it gets into interstitial space, it can bind to smooth muscle cells & cause vasodilation, dropping blood pressure
What solves the issue of adrenomedullin getting into interstitial space?
Dipeptidyl dipeptidase 3 is added to the drug formula & it binds to adrenomedullin & prevents it from getting into interstitial space
Define the term edema
An accumulation of fluid in interstitial space of body tissues
State the primary drivers of the movement of fluid into and out of vascular space
Hydrostatic Pressure
Colloid Osmotic Pressure
List the common clinical causes / mechanisms of edema
- Increased capillary permeability
- Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
- Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
- Lymphatic Obstruction (lymphedema)
Also, drugs
