Shock (Ch. 13)

Question 1

afterload

Answer 1

The force or resistance against which the heart pumps.

Question 2

anaphylactic shock

Answer 2

Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction.

Question 3

anaphylaxis

Answer 3

An extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.

Question 4

aneurysm

Answer 4

A swelling or enlargement of a part of an artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall.

Question 5

autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food.

Question 6

cardiac tamponade

Answer 6

Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output.

Question 7

cardiogenic shock

Answer 7

A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions.

Question 8

compensated shock

Answer 8

The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss.

Question 9

cyanosis

Answer 9

A blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood. Although paleness, or a decrease in blood flow, can be difficult to detect in dark-skinned people, it may be observed by examining mucous membranes inside the inner lower eyelid and capillary refill. On general observation, the patient may appear ashen or gray.

Question 10

decompensated shock

Answer 10

The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling.

Question 11

dehydration

Answer 11

Loss of water from the tissues of the body.

Question 12

distributive shock

Answer 12

A condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both.

Question 13

edema

Answer 13

The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area.

Question 14

homeostasis

Answer 14

A balance of all systems of the body.

Question 15

hypothermia

Answer 15

A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95°F (35°C).

Question 16

hypovolemic shock

Answer 16

A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate perfusion.

Question 17

irreversible shock

Answer 17

A condition defined by the inability to successfully achieve resuscitation regardless of the methods employed.

Question 18

myocardial contractility

Answer 18

The ability of the heart muscle to contract.

Question 19

neurogenic shock

Answer 19

Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.

Question 20

obstructive shock

Answer 20

Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues.

Question 21

perfusion

Answer 21

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels.

Question 22

pericardial effusion

Answer 22

A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium.

Question 23

preload

Answer 23

The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up.

Question 24

psychogenic shock

Answer 24

Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain thatcauses fainting (syncope).

Question 25

pulmonary embolism

Answer 25

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow.

Question 26

pulse pressure

Answer 26

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures.

Question 27

sensitization

Answer 27

Developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction.

Question 28

septic shock

Answer 28

Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.

Question 29

shock

Answer 29

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called hypoperfusion.

Question 30

sphincters

Answer 30

Muscles that encircle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, tube, or opening.

Question 31

syncope

Answer 31

A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness.