Shock, Bleeding and Soft Tissue Injury Flashcards
Cardiogenic
ex. heart attack
heart isn’t pumping blood properly
Shock Categories
Cardiogenic; distributive; hypovolemic; obstruction
Distributive
ex. allergic reaction (anaphylactic)
Uncontrolled dilation of blood vessels
Hypovolemic
ex. stabbing/open wound
extreme blood loss or too little volume
Obstructive
ex. blood clot
obstruction of a vessel causes less blood to be pumped by the heart
Compensated Shock
increase heart & breathing rate
decompensated shock
failure of 1 or more of the big 3 (pipe, pump, & fluid)
Blood vessels
Arteries - move blood from the heart; high pressure
Veins - move blood to heart; low pressure
Capillaries - transfer between venous and arterial
Lethal Blood loss in an Adult (154 lbs), Adolescent (105lbs), Child and Newborn
Adult - 2.2L
Adolescent - 1.3L
Child - 0.5-0.7L
Newborn - 30-50mL
What are the 6 soft tissue injuries?
Abrasions; laceration/incision; punctures/penetrate; avulsions; amputation; evisceration
Abrasions
scrapes; risk infection high
Laceration/Incision
L-rough; blunt trauma I-smooth; sharp
Punctures/Penetrate
GSW; stabbings, etc.
Avulsions
Torn ears; tearing/removal large area skin
Amputation
removal extremities (surgical or not)
Evisceration
AB. organs protrude abdominal cavity
What are the 4 types of burns?
Superficial; partial thickness; full thickness; rule of nine’s
Superficial
top layer; red skin, pain
Partial Thickness
two layers; white-red skin, pain, blisters
Full Thickness
all layers; black-white skin, no pain im. area
Chest Trauma
Closed Injuries - no break in skin; blunt trauma
- rib fractures
- flail chest
- simple pneumothorax
- pneumothorax
- tension pneumothorax
Open Injuries - break in skin; penetrating trauma
-open pneumothorax
Muscle and Bone trauma
fractures dislocation sprain - stretching/tearing of ligament strain- twist/pull/tear of muscle 6 p's - pain-pallor-paresthesia-pulse-paralysis-pressure
Splinting
Joints - Bones above and below
Bones - Joints above and below
Head/Face/Neck/Spine Trauma
Head - skull fractures; depressed, compound, basilar
Face - blood supply, orbits, nose, midface
Neck - Hanging, Impact, Penetrating wounds, Sports injuries
Brain - Coup (direct impact); Contrecoup (opposite impact)
Spine- Column or cord (sensory nerves)
What are some multisystem traumas?
head/spine
chest/abdominal
burns/extremity
What are some blast injuries?
primary - blast wave secondary - projectiles tertiary - individual flies through air quaternary - all other injuries quinary - absorption toxic materials from blast
