Shock, Bleeding and Soft Tissue Injury

Question 0

Cardiogenic

Answer 0

ex. heart attack

heart isn’t pumping blood properly

Question 1

Shock Categories

Answer 1

Cardiogenic; distributive; hypovolemic; obstruction

Question 2

Distributive

Answer 2

ex. allergic reaction (anaphylactic)

Uncontrolled dilation of blood vessels

Question 3

Hypovolemic

Answer 3

ex. stabbing/open wound

extreme blood loss or too little volume

Question 4

Obstructive

Answer 4

ex. blood clot

obstruction of a vessel causes less blood to be pumped by the heart

Question 5

Compensated Shock

Answer 5

increase heart & breathing rate

Question 6

decompensated shock

Answer 6

failure of 1 or more of the big 3 (pipe, pump, & fluid)

Question 7

Blood vessels

Answer 7

Arteries - move blood from the heart; high pressure
Veins - move blood to heart; low pressure
Capillaries - transfer between venous and arterial

Question 8

Lethal Blood loss in an Adult (154 lbs), Adolescent (105lbs), Child and Newborn

Answer 8

Adult - 2.2L
Adolescent - 1.3L
Child - 0.5-0.7L
Newborn - 30-50mL

Question 9

What are the 6 soft tissue injuries?

Answer 9

Abrasions; laceration/incision; punctures/penetrate; avulsions; amputation; evisceration

Question 10

Abrasions

Answer 10

scrapes; risk infection high

Question 11

Laceration/Incision

Answer 11

L-rough; blunt trauma I-smooth; sharp

Question 12

Punctures/Penetrate

Answer 12

GSW; stabbings, etc.

Question 13

Avulsions

Answer 13

Torn ears; tearing/removal large area skin

Question 14

Amputation

Answer 14

removal extremities (surgical or not)

Question 15

Evisceration

Answer 15

AB. organs protrude abdominal cavity

Question 16

What are the 4 types of burns?

Answer 16

Superficial; partial thickness; full thickness; rule of nine’s

Question 17

Superficial

Answer 17

top layer; red skin, pain

Question 18

Partial Thickness

Answer 18

two layers; white-red skin, pain, blisters

Question 19

Full Thickness

Answer 19

all layers; black-white skin, no pain im. area

Question 20

Chest Trauma

Answer 20

Closed Injuries - no break in skin; blunt trauma

• rib fractures
• flail chest
• simple pneumothorax
• pneumothorax
• tension pneumothorax

Open Injuries - break in skin; penetrating trauma
-open pneumothorax

Question 21

Muscle and Bone trauma

Answer 21

fractures
dislocation
sprain - stretching/tearing of ligament
strain- twist/pull/tear of muscle 
6 p's - pain-pallor-paresthesia-pulse-paralysis-pressure

Question 22

Splinting

Answer 22

Joints - Bones above and below

Bones - Joints above and below

Question 23

Head/Face/Neck/Spine Trauma

Answer 23

Head - skull fractures; depressed, compound, basilar
Face - blood supply, orbits, nose, midface
Neck - Hanging, Impact, Penetrating wounds, Sports injuries
Brain - Coup (direct impact); Contrecoup (opposite impact)
Spine- Column or cord (sensory nerves)

Question 24

What are some multisystem traumas?

Answer 24

head/spine
chest/abdominal
burns/extremity

Question 25

What are some blast injuries?

Answer 25

primary - blast wave
secondary - projectiles 
tertiary - individual flies through air 
quaternary - all other injuries
quinary - absorption toxic materials from blast