Shock

Question 1

Types of Shock

Answer 1

HAS SHOC

• *Hypovolaemic Low circulating Fluid
• *Anaphylactic, Septic and Spinal - distributive shock.
• *Hypoadrenal Inadequate cortisol.
• *Obstructive Blockage in the pipes
• *Cardiogenic Pump failure

Question 2

Hypovolaemic

Answer 2

when fluid loss exceeds approximately 15% of the circulating volume, resulting in decreased perfusion.

Fluid Loss may be from:
> Trauma – An open wound with external bleeding – Penetrating trauma causing haemothorax –
Fractures of long bones –
Blunt trauma causing vascular organs such as the liver or spleen to bleed or shearing of internal blood vessels –
Plasma loss through extensive burns
> Vascular disorders or vessel weaknesses causing aneurysms or dissections that rupture. > Gastrointestinal Disorders as simple as gastroenteritis causing fluid loss through vomiting and diarrhoea, or bleeding peptic ulcers – bright red (frank) blood, has not passed through the stomach, or dark red (coffee grounds) in which case it has passed through the stomach.
> Pregnancy related bleeding including:
overheated and becomes dehydrated through sweating

Question 3

Distributive Shock

Answer 3

Local inflammation, the local capillaries become larges and leaky. With large and leaky blood vessels, white blood cells can leave capillaries more easily to fight pathogens. The greater movement of fluid from these large and leaky capillaries into surrounding tissues causes localised swelling.

Question 4

Septic Shock - distributive shock

Answer 4

signs of an infection
Urinogenital 
> Respiratory 
> Gastrointestinal 
> Integumentary 
> Unknown origin

Question 5

Anaphylactic Shock - distributive shock

Answer 5

In the Vascular System, vessels vasodilate and capillaries become leaky causing oedema

Question 6

Obstructive Shock

Answer 6

blood flow is obstructed and blood cannot flow back to the heart in order to be pumped out.
Tension Pneumothorax
> Pulmonary Embolism
> Cardiac Tamponade

Question 7

Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 7

left ventricular function is so compromised that the heart cannot meet the body’s needs
i.e. large myocardial infarction affecting more than 40% of the left ventricle.

Question 8

Stages of Shock

Answer 8

• *15% the body recognises the reduction and starts compensating
• *blood loss exceeds 30% while the body is still trying to compensate, it is unable to maintain cardiac output
• *blood loss exceeds 40%, the body’s cells, being already hypoxic, become dysfunctional and die causing organ dysfunction