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GenPath Class 12 - Shock > Shock > Flashcards

Shock Flashcards

1
Q

What is shock?

A

the hypoperfusion of tissues

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2
Q

What is hypoperfusion?

A

when the vital organs don’t get enough blood

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3
Q

What 3 ways does shock/hypoperfusion occur?

A

1) failure of heart to pump blood
2) loss of circulating fluid
3) loss of peripheral vascular tone

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4
Q

What are the 3 main types of shock?

A

1) Cardiogenic
2) Hypovolemic
3) Distributed shock (used to be hypotonic)

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5
Q

What is cardiogenic shock?

A

when your heart can’t pump enough blood for your body

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6
Q

What commonly causes cardiogenic shock?

A

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

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7
Q

What can also cause cardiogenic shock?

A

myocarditis
valvular disease
conduction block
arrhythmia

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8
Q

What is hypovolemic shock?

A

severe fluid/blood loss, making it impossible for your heart to pump a sufficient amount to the body

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9
Q

What causes hypovolemic shock?

A

massive hemorrhage
fluid loss from extensive burns
excessive vomiting
excessive diarrhea

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10
Q

What is distributed shock (used to be hypotonic)

A

when the blood vessels excessively vasodilate, therefore causing an impaired distribution of blood flow

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11
Q

What causes distributed shock?

A

anaphylactic shock
neurogenic stimuli (commonly attributed to disruption of ANS from TBI)
bacterial infection

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12
Q

What can the events of shock lead to?

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrom (ARDS)

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13
Q

In ARDS, blood stagnates in pulmonary circulation leading to pulmonary ____

A

edema

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14
Q

ARDS is also sometimes called:

A

shock lung

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15
Q

What are the 3 stages of shock?

A

1) early or compensated shock
2) decompensated shock
3) irreversible shock

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16
Q

In early shock, do you have an increase or decrease in heart rate?

A

increase (tachycardia)

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17
Q

In early shock, do your peripheral arteries vasoconstrict or casodilate?

A

vasoconstrict, because blood is being shunted to the core

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18
Q

In early shock, is your urine production increased or reduced?

A

reduced, because body is trying to preserve volume of circulating blood

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19
Q

In early shock, is your blood pressure high, low, or normal?

A

normal

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20
Q

In decompensated shock, is your blood pressure high, low, or normal?

A

low (hypotension)

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21
Q

In decompensated shock, is your respiratory rate increased or decreased?

A

increased

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22
Q

In decompensated shock, is your urine output increased or reduced?

A

seriously decreased- known as oliguria

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23
Q

In decompensated shock, what happens to the body’s pH level?

A

it drops below 7.35, leading to acidosis

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24
Q

In what stage of shock does hypoperfusion occur?

A

irreversible shock

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25
Q

What is an infection?

A

a disease caused by microorganisms, especially ones that release toxins or invade body tissues

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26
Q

What are colonies?

A

a mass of microorganisms from the same mother

27
Q

What is normal flora?

A

a mixture of microorganisms at any anatomical site

28
Q

Can colonies be transmitted to others?

A

yes

29
Q

Can colonies cause infection?

A

yes- if the immune system is weak

30
Q

What are the benefits of flora for the host?

A

provide nutritional benefits
stimulate immune system
protect against colonization/infection of pathogenic microbes

31
Q

What are systemic symptoms of infection?

A

fever, chills, malaise, enlarged lymph modes

32
Q

What are integumentary symptoms of infection?

A

pus, open would, rash, red streaks, bleeding

33
Q

What are cardiovascular symptoms of infection?

A

tachycardia, hypotension, change in pulse

34
Q

What are CNS symptoms of infection

A

altered level of consciousness, confusion, seizures, headache, memory loss, photophobia, stiff neck

35
Q

What are gastrointestinal symptoms of infection?

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

36
Q

What are genitourinary symptoms of infection?

A

dysuria (pain in urination), flank pain, hematuria, oliguria, urgency, frequency, nocturia

37
Q

What are upper respiratory symptoms of infection?

A

tachypnea, cough, dyspnea, hourseness, sore throat, nasal drainage, spetum production, decreased exercise tolerance

38
Q

What is a virus?

A

smallest known organism - protein shell with dna

39
Q

What is bacteria?

A

single celled, no nucleus or organelles with defined cell walls

40
Q

What are microplasmas?

A

self-replicating bacteria WITHOUT cell walls

41
Q

What are rickettsiae?

A

intracellular bacteria that require a host

42
Q

What are protozoa?

A

singled celled organisms - bigger (think: parasite)

43
Q

What are fungi?

A

an organism with a nucleus and cell wall that occur as yeasts or most

44
Q

What are prions?

A

little proteins that have misfolded and are capable of taking other proteins and misfolding them

45
Q

Which require a host to live- viruses or bacteria?

A

viruses

46
Q

What kind of diseases can microplasmas cause?

A

pneumonia

47
Q

Where are rickettsiae found?

A

on animals and insects, such as ticks, lice, fleas and mites

48
Q

What are two diseases caused by rickettsiae?

A

typhus and rocky mountain spotted fever

49
Q

What is fungus found in the blood?

A

fungemia

50
Q

What are fungal diseases called?

A

mycoses

51
Q

What are diseases caused by prions?

A

creutzfeldt-jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow)

52
Q

Is yeast endogenous or exogenous?

A

endogenous

53
Q

Is influenza virus endogenous or exogenous?

A

exogenous

54
Q

What is nosocomial?

A

acquired in health care setting

55
Q

How do microorganisms leave the body?

A 
feces 
urine 
vomit 
tears
semen
open lesions 
blood
56
Q

What is another name for the ways microorganisms leave the body?

A

portals of exit

57
Q

How are microorganisms transmitted?

A 
contact
airborne
droplet
vehicle
vector
58
Q

How do you acquire a pathogen?

A 
ingestion
inhalation
bites
contact with mucosa
transplacentally
injections
59
Q

How many lines of defense does the body have?

A

three

60
Q

What is the first line of defense?

A

mechanical barriers

61
Q

What are the mechanical barriers

A

skin, oil on skin, cilia in respiratory tracts, gagging, coughing, peristalis of GI tract, flushign of tears, saliva and mucus, normal flora

62
Q

What is the second line of defense?

A

inflammation

63
Q

What is the third line of defense?

A

acquired immune system

GenPath Class 12 - Shock (1 decks)

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