Shock Flashcards
Inadequate organ perfusion and delivery of nutrients necessary for normal tissue and cell function. May be irreversible at first but becomes life-threatening if not treated quickly
Shock
Causes of hypovolemic shock
Hemorrhage [hemorrhagic = most common cause]
Dehydration
Burns
[ex: GI bleeding, pelvic bleeding, hemorrhagic pancreatitis, AVM; non-hemmorrhagic causes are vomiting, diarrhea, burns, heat stroke; DKA leads to renal losses, hypoaldosteronism, adrenal insufficiency, third space loss, systemic inflammation]
Physiologic parameters used to define preload and afterload while discussing shock
Preload = PCWP
Afterload = SVR
4 types of shock
Hypovolemic
Cardiogenic
Obstructive
Distributive
Types of shock characterized by cold and clammy skin vs. warm and dry skin
Cold, clammy skin = hypovolemic, cardiogenic, or obstructive shock
Warm, dry skin = distributive shock
Describe changes in PCWP (preload), CO, and SVR (afterload) in pt with hypovolemic shock
PCWP markedly decreased
CO decreased
SVR increased
General tx for hypovolemic shock
IV fluids
General causes of cardiogenic shock
Acute MI
HF
Valvular dysfunction
Arrhythmia
Describe changes in PCWP (preload), CO, and SVR (afterload) in pt with cardiogenic shock
PCWP increased
CO markedly decreased
SVR increased
[same as obstructive shock]
General tx for cardiogenic shock
Inotropes
Diuresis
General causes of obstructive shock
Cardiac tamponade
Pulmonary embolism
[other examples include SVC syndrome, constrictive pericarditis, severe HTN]
Describe changes in PCWP (preload), CO, and SVR (afterload) in pt with obstructive shock
PCWP increased
CO markedly decreased
SVR increased
[same as cardiogenic shock]
General tx for obstructive shock
Relieve obstruction
General causes of distributive shock
Sepsis
Anaphylaxis
CNS injury
Describe changes in PCWP (preload), CO, and SVR (afterload) in pt with distributive shock
PCWP decreased
CO increased [unless CNS injury, then may be decreased]
SVR markedly decreased