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Year - 3 Sudden Death > Shock > Flashcards

Shock Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 main types of shock?

A 
Hypovolaemic
Cardiogenic
Septic
Anaphylactic
Neurogenic
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2
Q

Give an example cause of hypovolaemic shock

A

Blood or fluid loss

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3
Q

Give an example cause of cardiogenic shock?

A

MI
PE
Tamponade
Valve problems

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4
Q

Which type of bacteria most commonly cause septic shock?

A

Gram neg

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5
Q

Give an example cause of neurogenic shock

A

Spinal cord injury

Spinal anaesthetic

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6
Q

Tachycardia is found in all types of shock except….

A

Neurogenic (bradycardia noted)

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7
Q

Describe the appearance of the skin in hypovolaemic shock?

A

Cold

Pale

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8
Q

Describe the skin in cardiogenic shock?

A

Swollen

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9
Q

What is the key problem in hypovolaemic shock?

A

Volume loss

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10
Q

What is the key problem in cardiogenic shock?

A

Heart (pump) failure

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11
Q

What is the key problem in septic shock?

A

Toxins

Malfunctions at capillary level

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12
Q

What is the key problem in anaphylactic shock?

A

Mast cell degranulation

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13
Q

What is the key problem in neurogenic shock?

A

Loss of sympathetic outflow in thoracic spine

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14
Q

How is hypovolaemic shock managed?

A

Fluid/blood replacement
Vasopressors
Ca2+
Keep warm

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15
Q

How is cardiogenic shock managed?

A

Inotropes
Vasopressor
Dobutamine (increased pumping without much vasoconstriction)

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16
Q

How is septic shock managed?

A

Sepsis 6

17
Q

How is anaphylactic shock treated?

A

Adrenaline

Fluids

18
Q

How is neurogenic shock treated?

A

Vasopressors

Adrenaline

19
Q

Which kinds of shock are “distributive”?

A

Septic
Anaphylactic
Neurogenic

20
Q

What is the qSOFA score for sepsis?

A

Systolic <100
Altered mental status
RR >22

21
Q

What are the shockable rhythms?

A

VF

Pulseless VT

22
Q

What are the four Hs and Ts of cardiac arrest?

A

Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia
Hyperkalemia (Metabolic)
Hypothermia

Toxins
Tamponade
Thromboembolism
Tension pneumothorax

23
Q

How is hyperkalaemia managed?

A

Dialysis
Calcium carbonate/gluconate
Insulin and dextrose

24
Q

How is a coronary artery thrombus managed?

A

PCI

25
Q

How is PE managed?

A

Thrombolytics

26
Q

How is a tension pneumothorax managed?

A

Wide bore cannula in 2nd intercostal space

Year - 3 Sudden Death (4 decks)

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