Shock Flashcards
What are the 5 main types of shock?
Hypovolaemic Cardiogenic Septic Anaphylactic Neurogenic
Give an example cause of hypovolaemic shock
Blood or fluid loss
Give an example cause of cardiogenic shock?
MI
PE
Tamponade
Valve problems
Which type of bacteria most commonly cause septic shock?
Gram neg
Give an example cause of neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injury
Spinal anaesthetic
Tachycardia is found in all types of shock except….
Neurogenic (bradycardia noted)
Describe the appearance of the skin in hypovolaemic shock?
Cold
Pale
Describe the skin in cardiogenic shock?
Swollen
What is the key problem in hypovolaemic shock?
Volume loss
What is the key problem in cardiogenic shock?
Heart (pump) failure
What is the key problem in septic shock?
Toxins
Malfunctions at capillary level
What is the key problem in anaphylactic shock?
Mast cell degranulation
What is the key problem in neurogenic shock?
Loss of sympathetic outflow in thoracic spine
How is hypovolaemic shock managed?
Fluid/blood replacement
Vasopressors
Ca2+
Keep warm
How is cardiogenic shock managed?
Inotropes
Vasopressor
Dobutamine (increased pumping without much vasoconstriction)
How is septic shock managed?
Sepsis 6
How is anaphylactic shock treated?
Adrenaline
Fluids
How is neurogenic shock treated?
Vasopressors
Adrenaline
Which kinds of shock are “distributive”?
Septic
Anaphylactic
Neurogenic
What is the qSOFA score for sepsis?
Systolic <100
Altered mental status
RR >22
What are the shockable rhythms?
VF
Pulseless VT
What are the four Hs and Ts of cardiac arrest?
Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia
Hyperkalemia (Metabolic)
Hypothermia
Toxins
Tamponade
Thromboembolism
Tension pneumothorax
How is hyperkalaemia managed?
Dialysis
Calcium carbonate/gluconate
Insulin and dextrose
How is a coronary artery thrombus managed?
PCI
