Shock Flashcards
What is shock in medical terms?
Acute widespread reduction in effective tissue perfusion, leading to anaerobic metabolism, lactic acidosis, and potential organ dysfunction.
What happens when oxygen delivery is less than oxygen demand in shock?
It leads to anaerobic metabolism, lactic acidosis, and organ dysfunction.
What causes shock?
Decreased tissue perfusion, which means insufficient blood flow to tissues.
What is the main responsibility of blood in relation to shock?
To carry oxygen; decreased blood reduces oxygen delivery and causes decreased tissue perfusion.
What can prolonged shock lead to?
Metabolic acidosis, cell death, organ failure, and potentially death.
Why is shock considered a life-threatening condition?
Because it leads to inadequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to tissues, causing organ damage and death if untreated.
What can decreased tissue perfusion in shock cause?
Metabolic acidosis, irreversible organ damage, and death.
What components of the heart’s conduction system control electrical conduction?
SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.
What arteries branch from the aorta?
Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian.
Where are baroreceptors and chemoreceptors located?
In the aortic arch and carotid sinus.
Which brain areas are involved in the body’s response to shock?
Medulla oblongata and pituitary gland.
What role does the adrenal gland play in shock?
It is involved in the body’s response to shock.
What happens to metabolism during shock?
Transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, leading to less efficient energy production.
Why is anaerobic metabolism less efficient than aerobic metabolism?
It produces less ATP and leads to cell death.
What causes metabolic acidosis in shock?
Accumulation of lactic acid due to anaerobic metabolism.
What are common signs of shock?
Decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, weak and thready pulse, rapid and shallow breathing, pallor, absent/decreased bowel sounds, confusion, and lethargy.
What signs indicate end-organ damage in shock?
Reduced or absent urine output, cold, clammy, mottled skin, and ST elevation.
What lab values are commonly elevated in shock?
Elevated lactate, BUN, creatinine, ALT, AST (shock liver), and troponin.
What lab values are commonly decreased in shock?
Decreased PaO2 and altered SvO2.
How does SvO2 vary in shock?
SvO2 can be either elevated or decreased, depending on the type of shock.
What does an elevated lactate level indicate in shock?
It indicates anaerobic metabolism and metabolic acidosis.
What is the significance of ST elevation in shock?
It may indicate myocardial injury or ischemia.
Why is it important to recognize signs and lab values in shock?
To identify and manage shock effectively and differentiate between types of shock for proper treatment.
