Shock Flashcards
Name the types of shock
- hypovolaemic
- cardiogenic
- distributive
- obstructive
- cytotoxic
causes of cardiogenic shock
- Acute MI
- PE
- Tamponade
- Myocarditis
- Endocarditis
- Arrhythmias
- Congestive heart failure
- Certain overdoses
what is hypovolaemic shock?
not enough fluid going around which leads to a fall in cardiac output and organ failure
what should you NOT give in the management of hypovolaemic shock?
dextrose (glucose) because you’ll encourage a third spacing thing and make things worse
hypovolaemic shock management
- call for help
- high flow oxygen
- IV access
- IV fluids
- stop the losses (blood, diarrhoea, burns)
what does qSOFA score stand for?
quick – Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
what are the components of qSOFA score
- GCS
- resp rate
- systolic BP
is cool, sweaty and clammy more likely to be hypovolaemic or cardiogenic shock
cardiogenic
management of cardiogenic shock
Call for help
High flow oxygen
IV access
Treat underlying cause:
- PCI
- Cardioversion
- Antiarrhythmics
Supportive:
- Inotropes
- Vasopressors
- Mechanical devices e.g. balloon pumps
true or false, be cautious with fluids in cardiogenic shock
true, can have too much fluid in the systems
what do inotropes do
change the force of the hearts contractions (Positive inotropes strengthen the force of the heartbeat)
what do vasopressors do
increases pressure in vessels by contricting them when they’re saggy)
what is cardiogenic shock
the heart fails to function as a pump
what is obstructive shock
blockage in heart or vessels (standing on a hose-pipe), impairs cardiac filling
common causes of obstructive shock
PE
Cardiac tamponade
ways to relieve obstruction in obstructive shock
- thrombolysis
- thrombectomy
- pericardiocentesis
what is distributive shock
blood going to the wrong place
what are the 4 types of distributive shock
- septic
- anaphylactic
- neurogenic
- adrenal crisis (Addisonian crisis)
septic shock management
- Sepsis 6
- Fluids
- vasopressor (eg. Noradrenaline) if fluid unresponsive
anaphylactic shock treatment
- adrenaline
- remove the stimulus
- antihistamines
- steroids
neurogenic shock treatment
- vasopressors e.g. norepinephrine
- antimuscarinics
adrenal crisis treatment
hydrocortisone
cardiac arrest reversible causes
4 Hs:
- hypoxia
- hypovolaemia
- hypothermia
- hypo/hyperkalaemia
4Ts:
- thrombus
- tension pneumothorax
- tamponade
- toxins
shockable rhythms
- ventricular fibrillation
- pulseless ventricular tachycardia
