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Cata 262 final > Shock > Flashcards

Shock Flashcards

1
Q

Causes and outcomes of hypovolemic shock

A

Burns, dehydration, increase sweating and vomiting

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2
Q

What are the sequences of events of hypovolemic shock?

A
  • Decrease in blood volume- Decrease in venous return (less blood to the heart)- Decrease in CO (amount of blood heart pumps/min)- Decrease in tissue perfusion
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3
Q

What are the treatments for shock?

A
  1. secure airway2. assiste ventilation3. provide O24. never give anything by mouth5. O2 blanket6. stop fluid loss and replace lost fluid7. control external bleeds8. monitor vitals9. anticipate vomit10. hospital11. reassure patient
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4
Q

Define psychogenic shock

A

Loss of sympathic control due to:-fear-emotional distress-sudden rxn to NS-temporary dilation-decreased oxygen to the brain-syncope

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5
Q

What are the signs of psychogenic shock?

A

Decrease in pulse and BP, cold skin, faint

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: psychogenic shock is commonly self-correcting

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Define neurogenic shock

A

Loss of sympathetic outflow and autonomic functions (loss of blood vessel control = vasodilation and hypotension), rare and usually a response to SCI

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8
Q

What are signs and symptoms of neurogenic shock?

A

Body cardia, weak pulse, warm skin, priapism (erection), cervical injury, decrease in BP

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9
Q

Define spinal shock

A

Temporary loss of neurologic function and automatic tone below level of SCI, may last days to weeks, NO perfusion to tissue

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10
Q

Define septic shock

A

sepsis (response ton infection) with drops in BP and organ failure such as vasodilation

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11
Q

What are the steps that follow a source of infection?

A
  • Bacteria in your blood - Leaking blood vessel- Organ dysfunction
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12
Q

Signs and treatment of septic shock

A

Cool clammy and molted skin, decrease in BPTreatment: give oxygen and rush to the hospital

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13
Q

Define anaphylactic shock

A

A severe allergic reaction that is a medical emergency

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of anaphylactic shock?

A
  • Redness- Itchy, burning skin- Hives- Swelling of tongue- Generalized edema- Pain to constrict chest- Weak pulse- Etc.
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15
Q

When do we insert epinephrine?

A

When breathing problems appear due to anaphylactic shock

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16
Q

Aside epipen, what is another treatment for anaphylactic shock?

A

Anti-histamine (oral)

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17
Q

Define cariogenic shock

A

Inadequate function of the heart of failure of its pumping activity

18
Q

What can cause cariogenic shock?

A

Direct bruise to the heart, heart attack and cardiac arrest

19
Q

What are signs and symptoms of cariogenic shock?

A

Chest pain, irregular/weak pulse, cyanosis, decrease in BP, anxiety

20
Q

Define respiratory shock

A

Failure of the lungs to transfer sufficient oxygen into the bloodstream, occurs with breathing emergencies or respiratory arrest

21
Q

What are the signs, symptoms and treatments for respiratory shock?

A

Rapid, weak pulse, decrease in BP, cyanosis, cool/clammy Treatments: secure airway, assist ventilation, immediate transportation

22
Q

Which type of shock shows warm and dry skin?

A

Neurogenic shock

23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Hypovolemic, neurogenic, septic and cariogenic all result in low BP

A

TRUE

24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: neurogenic shock allows your LOC to be altered

A

FALSE: it’s lucid

25
Q

What are classic signs of wound infection?

A
  • increase in pain around the wound- excess puss coming out of the wound- redness- fever/flu-like symptoms- increased odor form the wound- warmth- swelling/tenderness
26
Q

What are the secondary signs of infections in wounds?

A

-delayed wound healing-foul smell-wound breakdown/enlargement- increased draining from the wound-discoloration of the wound (darker)-increased fragility of the wound bed

27
Q

What are the goals of wound care?

A
  1. Hemostasis2. Promote wound healing3. Reduce scar formation4. Reduce tissue loss
28
Q

What are the general O2 administration guidelines?

A
  • Normal SpO2 range 95-100%- Problematic SpO2: <90%- Do not start O2 therapy if >92% (ex. 93%)- Stop O2 therapy no higher than 96% O2 sat
29
Q

What is the ischemia tolerance for the brain, heart and lungs?

A

4-6 minutes

30
Q

What is the ischemia tolerance for the muscles, skin and skeleton?

A

4-6 hours

31
Q

What is the ischemia tolerance for the pancreas, intestines and kidneys?

A

45-90 minutes

32
Q

Which epistaxis are the most common?

A

Anterior epistaxis

33
Q

Which type of nose bleeds cans be severe and spontaneous?

A

Posterior epsitaxis

34
Q

Why do bruises start as red?

A

They are rich in oxygen due to the newly pooled blood underneath the skin

35
Q

Define shock

A

Insufficient return of blood flow to the heart, resulting in inadequate supply of oxygen to all organs and tissues of the body

36
Q

What is the most common cause of shock?

A

Haemorrage

37
Q

What is the safest approach when dealing with shock?

A

Assume it is hemorrage until proven otherwise

38
Q

What are the three stages of shock?

A
  1. Compensated shock =minimal changes2. Decompensated shock = systems begin failing3. Irreversible shock = ischemia and death imminent
39
Q

What are the 3 elements of blood pressure?

A

-Fluid-Pump : collects and moves fluid foward-Pipes: distributes

40
Q

Compensation leads to what?

A

Vasodilation increase and blood does not fill the system entirely

41
Q

What are the 2 things you need to limit when someone goes in shock?

A
  1. insufficient blood supply2. The slowing down of the body processes
42
Q

Define hypovolemic shock

A

Results from large scale loss of blood, as might follow acute hemorrage, dehydration, loss of fluid, plasma, RBC and electrolytes

Cata 262 final (2 decks)

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