S.H.M. Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

how long would an oscillator oscillate for in a closed system

A

forever

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2
Q

why

A
  • because there are no other external forces acting on the oscillator
  • that could result in the gain or loss of energy
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3
Q

why isnt this the case in reality however

A
  • because (most) things dont happen in a perfect vacuum
  • an oscillator in a normal environment will lose energy in various forms
  • like sound energy and overcoming viscous drag against air resistance
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4
Q

in a closed system what is the movement of a pendulum like, simply

A
  • the bob starts at the highest point it is set at
  • when released, it swings all the way to the other side
  • aligning with the horizontal plane (vertical height) it was at previously
  • this motion repeats itself (infinitely in a closed system)
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5
Q

how does the kinetic and gravitational potential energy of the bob compare at its highest starting point

A
  • the bob has no kinetic energy at that point as it is not moving yet
  • but it has the maximum amount of GPE it can have for the given system
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6
Q

how does the kinetic and gravitational potential energy of the bob compare at its lowest point in the swing

A
  • the bob has the maximum amount of kinetic energy it can have (as its velocity is highest at this point)
  • but the GPE it has would be at its minimum (relative to the system it would be 0 but technically it wouldnt be)
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7
Q

how does the kinetic and gravitational potential energy of the bob compare at the end of one full swing

A
  • as the bob is at its highest point again but on the other side
  • it would have no kinetic energy again
  • but the maximum GPE it could have
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8
Q

what is the transfer of energy that is going on during one whole swing

A
  • in the beginning the GPE is being transferred to the bobs kinetic energy while it accelerates downwards
  • when the midpoint (equilibrium) is reached the bob has maximum kinetic energy
  • so this kinetic energy gets transferred into its GPE stores as it moves upwards
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9
Q

assuming this is a closed system, what is the net change in the energy of the system as this transfer of energy occurs

A

0

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10
Q

therefore what is this sum of kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy of the bob while it is in the motion of swinging equal to in this system

A
  • the maximum GPE the bob has at its highest point

- or the maximum KE the bob has at its lowest point

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11
Q

on a diagram with a ‘total energy’ line on the top and a displacement line on the bottom, what would the line showing the change in GPE for one full swing look like

A
  • the GPE line would make a symmetrical ‘U’ shape
  • it would touch the total energy axis at the beginning and end
  • with its minimum point touching the middle of the displacement axis
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12
Q

on a diagram with a ‘total energy’ line on the top and a displacement line on the bottom, what would the line showing the change in KE for one full swing look like

A
  • the KE line would make a symmetrical ‘n’ shape
  • the KE line would touch the displacement axis at the beginning and end,
  • with its maximum point touching the middle of the total energy axis
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13
Q

what is a quality check of this graph to ensure it is accurate

A
  • the graph should be symmetrical if a vertical line is drawn down the middle
  • meaning the starting and ending points of both lines should be vertically aligned
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14
Q

for the KE line, what would the two point where its line touches the displacement axis be labelled as

A
  • the point at the beginning of the axis would be -A

- the point at the end of the axis would be A

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15
Q

why are they labelled -A and A

A
  • because this is the range of the swings amplitude

- from -A to 0 (equilibrium) and 0 to A

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16
Q

does this interconversion of KE and GPE also occur with a mass on a spring (in a vacuum)

A

yes

17
Q

simple speaking, what transfers of energy occur during the motion of a mass on a spring

A
  • on release the spring accelerates the mass back towards the equilibrium position
  • where it has max KE and min GPE
  • then this KE is reconverted into elastic PE as the spring squashes in the other displacement direction
18
Q

look at thee calculation examples in the book because theyre too long and confusing to put in flashcard form

A

mkay