Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Endo/Repro > Shit to memorize > Flashcards

Shit to memorize Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamus hormones (6)

A

TRH, CRH, GHRH, GnRH, Somatostatin, Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

TRH

A

thyrotropin-RH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CRH

A

corticotropin-RH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones (7)

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, Endorphins, GH (MSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropin hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones (2)

A

ADH and oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Steroid Hormones (7)

A

cortisol, aldosterone, estradiol, estriol, progesterone, testosterone, calcitriol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are catecholamines synthesized and how do they work?

A

synthesized in cytosol and secretory granules

act through cell-membrane associated receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are thyroid hormones synthesized and how do they work?

A

thyroid gland and stored in thyroglobulin in follicles

cross cell-membrane and act via NRs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

origin and action of TRH

A

hypothalamus; secretion of TSH and prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

origin and action of CRH

A

hypothalamus; secretion of ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

origin and action of GnRH

A

hypothalamus; secretion of LH and FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

origin and action of SRIF (somatostatin/somatotropin release-inhibiting factor)

A

hypothalamus; inhibits secretion of growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

action and origin of dopamine (prolactin-inhibiting factor)

A

hypothalamus; inhibits secretion of prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

origin and action of GHRH

A

hypothalamus; secretion of growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

origin and action of TSH

A

anterior pituitary; synthesis ands secretion of thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

origin and action of FSH

A

anterior pituitary;
sperm maturation in Sertoli cells
follicular development and estrogen synthesis in ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

origin and action of LH

A

anterior pituitary;
testosterone synthesis in leading cells
ovulation, corpus luteum, estrogen and progesterone synthesis in ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

origin and action of growth hormone

A

anterior pituitary; protein synthesis and growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

origin and action prolactin

A

anterior pituitary; milk production and secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

origin and action of ACTH

A

anterior pituitary; synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortisol hormones (cortisol, androgens, aldosterone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

origin and action of MSH

A

anterior pituitary; melanin synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

origin and action of oxytocin

A

posterior pituitary; milk ejection and uterine contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
origin and action of triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4)
thyroid; skeletal growth, O2 consumption, heat production, protein/carb/fat utilization and maturation of CNS
26
origin and action of ADH
posterior pituitary; water reabsorption in principal cells of CDs and constriction of arterioles
27
origin and action of calcitonin
thyroid; decreases serum calcium
28
origin and action of PTH
parathyroid; increases serum calcium
29
origin and action of cortisol (glucocorticoid)
adrenal cortex; gluconeogenesis, inhibits inflammatory response/immune response; enhances vascular response to catecholamines (E and NE)
30
origin and action of aldosterone
adrenal cortex; increases renal sodium absorption and potassium and H+ secretion
31
origin and action of DHEA and androstenedione (adrenal androgens)
adrenal cortex;
32
origin and action of estradiol
ovaries; growth and development of female reproductive system
33
origin and action of progesterone
ovaries; luteal phase of menstrual cycle
34
origin and action of HCG
placenta; estrogen and progesterone synthesis in corpus luteum
35
origin and action of renin
kidney; conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
36
origin and action calcitriol
kidney; increases intestinal absorption of calcium
37
Adenyl cyclase hormones
ACTH, LH, FSH, TSH, glucagon
38
PLC hormones
GnRH, TRH, ocytocin
39
steroid horomones
thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, aldosterone, estrogen, testosterone
40
hormone that inhibits GnRH
Prolactin
41
Inhibits prolactin
dopamine
42
Axon that secretes ADH
Supraoptic Nuclei (SON)
43
Axon that secretes oxytocin
paraventricular nuclei (PVN)
44
what do beta cells secrete?
insulin and C peptide
45
what do alpha cells secrete?
glucagon
46
what do delta cells secrete?
somatostatin
47
glucagon function
breakdown of glycogen to glucose to increase blood levels
48
how does insulin affect K+
increases uptake into cells lowering the blood potassium
49
how does insulin affect lipolysis
decreases it leading to decreased ketoacids in blood
50
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
destruction of Beta cells; juvenile onset; leads to diabetic ketoacidosis; leads to hyperkalemia and K+ leaves cells and is often excreted in urine
51
3 main mechanisms of obesity-induced insulin resistance
1. decreased GLUT4 uptake by skeletal muscle 2. decreased ability of insulin to repress hepatic glucose production 3. inability of insulin to increase insulin uptake in adipose tissue and decrease lipolysis
52
function of incretin hormones (GLP-1 and GIP)
short half life and secreted responding to GI glucose and fat stimulates glucose dependent insulin secretion; inhibits glucagon secretion; and slows gastric emptying
53
Stimulus for PTH secretion from chief cells in parathyroid gland?
decreased plasma calcium
54
Function of M-CSF
induce stem cells to form osteoclast precursors
55
RANKL function
surface protein from osteoblasts for NFkB ligand; primary mediator of osteoclast formation
56
RANK function
receptor on osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors
57
OPG function
protein produced by osteoblasts that is a decoy receptor for RANKL; prevents osteoclast formation
58
common presentation of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in women
hirsutism (body hair), oligomenorrhea, and infertility
59
common glucocorticoid
cortisol
60
disease of excess glucocorticoids
Cushing's syndrome or disease
61
disease of deficient glucocorticoids
Addison's
62
Test for hypercortisolism
DST; administer glucocorticoids and measure effects on ACTH and cortisol
63
test for hypocortisolism
CST; administer ACTH and measure cortisol
64
11 Beta-HSD2 function
metabolizes cortisol to cortisone (inactive) keeping MR open for aldosterone
65
alpha 1 receptor
increase IP3 and DAG; vascular smooth muscle contraction
66
alpha 2 receptor
decrease cAMP; inhibit NorE and E release
67
beta 1 receptor
increase cAMP; increase CO on heart
68
beta 2 receptor
increase cAMP; increase liver glucose output and decrease contraction of bronchioles and blood vessels
69
beta 3 receptor
increase cAMP; increase liver glucose output and lipolysis
70
acidophilic hormones
Prolactin, MSH, GH
71
basophilic hormones
FSH, LH, ACTH, and TSH
72
lipophilic medications
long acting
73
hydrophilic medications
short acting
74
Gs pathway
stimulates AC leading to increase in cAMP
75
Gi pathway
inhibits AC leading to decrease in cAMP
76
Gq pathway
activates PLC leading to increased Ca2+, DAG, and IPs
77
phosphorylation of what inactivates IRS-1
serine instead of tyrosine
78
ER alpha found
female reproductive tract
79
ER beta found
ovaries and prostate; also lung, brain, and bone
80
Action of ER activation
HAT activation for transcription
81
Tamoxifen action
antagonist of ER that promotes HDAC activity inhibiting transcription
82
what catalyzes first step in steroid synthesis
20,22 desmolase (Cytochrome P450, CYP11A1); cholesterol to pregenolone
83
effects of cortisol
anti-inflammatory, increase GNG, and increase BP
84
What accumulates in 11 beta hydroxylase deficiency?
17-alpha-Hydroxyprogestrone and 11-deoxycorticosterone
85
Implication of 11-deoxycorticosterone accumulation?
constitutively activates MR leading to increased Na+ and water retention and high BP
86
What accumulates in 21-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency?
progesterone, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, and 17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone
87
implications of ILD (17,20 lyase deficiency)
impaired androgen production but does not affect glucocorticoids or mineralocorticoids
88
implications of combined ILD/17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency
impaired androgen and glucocorticoid production
89
what do adipose tissue macrophages and kupffer cells express that suppresses inflammation
IL-1Ra suppresses IL-1B
90
CTLA-4 mechanism
found on T cells: 1. intrinsic function to deliver inhibitory signals 2. extrinsic function makes B7 costimulatory molecule unavailable to CD28 blocking T cell activation
91
3 ways Tregs act
make IL-10 and TGF-B reduce APCs ability to stimulate T cells (CTLA-4) Consumption of IL-2 (many more receptors)
92
What does GHRH stimulate after binding?
Gs receptor that stimulates increase in cAMP
93
action of TRH
increase TSH and prolactin
94
action of dopamine
decrease prolactin
95
action of perchlorate and thiocynate
inhibits NIS
96
action of PTU
inhibits TPO slowing down final thyroid production
97
Wolff-Chaikoff effect
inhibits organification actions when there is high iodine so we don't get too much thyroid hormones

Endo/Repro (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions