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401 > Ships Construction > Flashcards

Ships Construction Flashcards

1
Q

What is Sheer

A

Sheer refers to the upward curve of a ships deck from midships towards the fwd & aft ends of the vessel. it is used for increasing reserved buoyancy at the ends of the vessel.

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2
Q

What is Flare

A

Flare is the widening of the ships hull vertically. It enhances reserve buoyancy and reduces pitching motions

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3
Q

What is bulwark?

A

The ships side above the weather deck

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4
Q

What is forefoot?

A

The lower end of a ships stem which curves to meet the keel.

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5
Q

What is Freeboard deck?

A

The height of the highest continuous deck above the waterline at any point along the hull.

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6
Q

What is Draught?

A

The depth of the keel below the waterline at any point along the hull.

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7
Q

What is the Beam?

A

The greatest width of the hull

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8
Q

What is the Camber?

A

The curve given to the surface of decks so that the water will drain away to the sides

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9
Q

What is the Bilge?

A

The nearly flat part of the bottom of the hull both inside and outside the ship

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10
Q

What is the bilge keel?

A

A long projecting fin welded onto the sides of a ships bottom to decrease the rolling of a ship.

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11
Q

What is a Tumblehome?

A

When the ships side curves or slopes inward above the waterline they are said to tumble home

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12
Q

What is the Flush Deck?

A

When the uppermost deck in a ship is continuous from stern to stern unbroken by any raised or sunken portion

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13
Q

What is freeboard?

A

Freeboard is the distance measured vertically downwards amidships from the upper edge of the freeboard deck to the upper edge of the loadlines

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14
Q

What is the Keel?

A

a long, central beam running along the bottom of the ship from the bow to the stern. It provides Structural backbone for the vessel as-well as increased stability & hydrodynamics. they can also be used to hold ballast.

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15
Q

What are the Beams?

A

the horizontal structural elements that extend across the width of the ship, from one side to the other. They are used for structural support, increased stability, deck support and connection point to other ships structural components.

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16
Q

What are the Girders?

A

girders are longitudinal structural components that run along the length of the ship, providing additional strength and rigidity to the hull. They provide structural support, deck reinforcement, load distribution and hull integrity

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17
Q

What are the Frames?

A

frames are transverse structural components that run across the ship from one side to the other, forming the skeleton of the hull. They provide a structural skeleton (rib-like) , load distribution, hull support, reinforcement against hydrodynamic forces and interior support.

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18
Q

What are Freeing Ports?

A

They are opening in the bulwarks (the sides of the ship above the deck) that allows water to drain off the deck.

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19
Q

What is a hawsepipe?

A

It is a cylindrical structure through which the anchor chain or cable passes from the deck down to the ship’s exterior.

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19
Q

What is the bitter end?

A

The bitter end is the final length of the anchor chain, which is attached to a strong point inside the ship, typically in the chain locker, to prevent the entire anchor chain from running out when the anchor is deployed.

20
Q

What is the chain stopper?

A

The main function of a chain stopper is to hold the anchor chain in place, taking the load off the windlass (the machinery used to raise and lower the anchor). It ensures that the anchor remains secure once deployed and helps maintain the position of the ship.

21
Q

What is a fairlead?

A

The function of a fairlead is to guide and manage the direction of ropes, lines, or cables, reducing friction and wear. It helps in controlling the path of the line to avoid obstructions and minimise potential damage.

22
Q

What is a bollard?

A

bollards are sturdy vertical posts or pillars used for mooring and berthing ships. They provide secure attachment points for mooring lines and help maintain the ship’s position alongside docks, wharves, and quaysides.

23
Q

What is a double bottom?

A

It is a design feature comprising two horizontal layers at the ship’s bottom, providing enhanced safety, buoyancy, and environmental protection. The space between the layers can be used for ballast, adding to the ship’s stability and operational efficiency.

24
Q

What is longitudinal?

A

The term refers to elements, structures, or directions that run along the length of the ship, from the bow to the stern.

25
Q

What is a Transverse watertight bulkhead?

A

transverse watertight bulkheads are vertical partitions that run across the width of the ship, providing critical functions like preventing flooding, enhancing structural support, and containing fires. They are essential for the safety and stability of the vessel and are built to meet stringent maritime safety regulations.

26
Q

What is a cofferdam?

A

A small, enclosed, empty space or compartment that separates two adjacent watertight compartments.

27
Q

what is shear strake?

A

the uppermost strake of plating along a ship’s side, just below the main deck. It is crucial for the structural integrity and watertightness of the hull, providing additional support and strength to the upper edge of the ship’s structure.

28
Q

What are the different measurements on load line markings?

A

Tropical Fresh
Fresh
Tropical
Summer
Winter
Winter North Atlantic

29
Q

How must the freeboard markings be displayed on a vessel?

A

The freeboard markings must be permanently marked (cut with
chisel or bead welded) into both sides of the vessel at midships.

30
Q

What is the definition of tonnage?

A

This measurements is used to establish port and harbour dues

31
Q

What is the definition of Gross tonnage?

A

A function of the moulded volume of specific enclosed spaces

32
Q

What is the definition of Net tonnage?

A

Function of the moulded volume of all cargo spaces (or those
available to passengers)

33
Q

What are exempted spaces and examples?

A

Exempted spaces are closed–in spaces above the upper deck which are not
included in the Gross Tonnage.

These Include:
dry cargo spaces
wheelhouse, chart and radio rooms
galley and bakeries
machinery spaces
washing and sanitary spaces in accommodation
light and air spaces
ballast tanks

34
Q

What is the purpose of net tonnage and examples?

A

tonnage on which port and harbour dues are assessed.
Obtained from the following deductions from Gross Tonnage:
* all crew accommodation
* chain lockers and anchor-handling spaces
* workshops
* water ballast tanks
* machinery spaces

Note: (Deducted and exempted spaces must be marked with notices showing their
purpose.)

35
Q

what is the definition of load displacement?

A

the mass of the hull and everything aboard when
floating at the summer waterline (tonnes)

36
Q

What is the definition of light displacement?

A

the mass of the vessel with no cargo,
crew stores, fuel etc. Includes water in boilers to working levels and
hydraulic fluids

37
Q

What is the definition of displacement?

A

any value between lightship and load displacement.

Measured in M cubed

38
Q

What is the definition of deadweight?

A

the difference between lightship and the
displacement (mass of cargo)

39
Q

What is the definition of total deadweight?

A

– the difference between lightship and the load
displacement (mass of cargo at full capacity)

40
Q

Name & explain the static positions of a vessel

A

Trim: difference between forward and aft draughts.
If a ship sails with a forward draught of 8m and an after
draught of 9m, then it is 1m by the stern. If the forward
draught is greater than aft, then it is trimmed by the
head.
Equal trim fwd & aft is called “Even Keel”

  • Heel: Vessel leaning to port or starboard, due to
    external forces, such as wind.
  • List: Vessel leaning to port or starboard, due to
    internal forces. Such as unevenly loaded cargo, or
    shifting of cargo in rough weather.
41
Q

name the 6 degrees of dynamic movement of a vessel

A

Yaw
Sway
Roll
Pitch
Surge
Heave

42
Q

explain the advantage of a bulbous bow

A

it causes a reduction in bow wave making.

it creates a second bow wave which imposes itself upon the original bow wave resulting in the overall wave resistance acting upon the vessel.

43
Q

What is a bulkhead?

A

A vertical partition that divides the hull into
separate compartments, running either
transversely or longitudinally

44
Q

What is the definition of watertight?

A

is capable of preventing the passage of water in any direction
under the head of water likely to occur in intact and damaged conditions.

45
Q

What is the definition of weathertight?

A

in any sea conditions water will not penetrate the ship.

46
Q

What are the two ways of weathertight door testing?

A

the chalk method

the hose method

47
Q

State the four intentions of the loadline regulations

A

adequate strength for the proposed loading

  • adequate reserve buoyancy in all probable conditions of loading
  • sufficient stability in all probable conditions of loading
  • adequate protection for the crew when on deck in bad weather

401 (6 decks)

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