Shifting, Reflecting, and Stretching Graphs

Question 1

Vertical shifts c units upward

Answer 1

h(x) = f(x) + c

Question 2

Vertical shifts c units downward

Answer 2

h(x) = f(x) - c

Question 3

Vertical shifts c units to the right

Answer 3

h(x) = f(x - c)

Question 4

Vertical shifts c units to the left

Answer 4

h(x) = f(x + c)

Question 5

Reflection in the x-axis

Answer 5

h(x) = -f(x)

Question 6

Reflection in the y-axis

Answer 6

h(x) = f(-x)