Sherpath Ch 43 Sleep

Question 1

Sleep hygiene includes

Answer 1

a regular sleep schedule, exercise considerations, dietary choices, sleep environments, and bedtime routines. All of these can be managed at home as well as in an inpatient setting

Question 2

Nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are increased when a person is

Answer 2

fatigued and relaxed from having performed physical activities

Question 3

Complex carbohydrates and foods containing tryptophan can

Answer 3

promote sleep

Question 4

nonpharmacologic interventions used to promote healthy sleep hygiene

Answer 4

-sleep schedule
-exercise
-diet
-sleep environment
-bedtime routine

Question 5

Promoting Sleep Hygiene in the Inpatient Setting includes

Answer 5

-routine: Cluster care activities together to allow for 90 to 120 minutes of uninterrupted sleep for the patient. This allows the patient time to complete a full sleep cycle

-noise: reduce noise for the patient

-evening care: often referred to as h.s. (“hour of sleep”) care, is important in an inpatient facility. This helps establish and maintain the bedtime routine for the patient. Evening care may include:

Oral care
Partial bathing
Skin care
Backrub
Linen maintenance
Toileting
Snacks or fluids

Question 6

non-pharmacologic interventions for insomnia

Answer 6

may be placed on sleep restrictions, such as staying in bed only when asleep. Cognitive therapy for helping the patient to relax and change thought patterns is also beneficial for patients with insomnia

Question 6

Nonpharmacologic intervention for a patient with hypersomnia

Answer 6

will be focused on correcting the underlying medical condition that is contributing to the hypersomnia.

Question 7

Treatment for patients with narcolepsy

Answer 7

be focused on regular exercise, regular sleep routines, and light meals high in protein and vitamins. The patient should avoid alcohol, heavy meals, long-distance driving, and long periods of sitting.

Question 8

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) treatments

Answer 8

include improving sleep hygiene and weight-loss efforts. A continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device may be prescribed by a polysomnographic specialist. It has a specialized mask that is worn during sleep that helps maintain pressure on the airway to keep it open. Patients may report skin irritation, discomfort, or a claustrophobic sensation when using the CPAP machine, but use should still be encouraged.

Question 9

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) treatments

Answer 9

Lifestyle changes like decreasing caffeine and alcohol consumption are helpful for patients with RLS. Walking, leg massages, and deep knee bends may also relieve symptoms.

Question 10

Sleep Terrors treatments

Answer 10

A consistent sleep schedule, along with proper sleep hygiene, is crucial for managing sleep terrors. Relaxation therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy can also be helpful. Hypnosis may be used in severe cases

Question 11

There are four common categories of sleep medication

Answer 11

sedative-hypnotics, benzodiazepines, melatonin receptor agonists, and antidepressants

Question 11

Sedative-Hypnotics

Answer 11

Sedative-hypnotics work as facilitators against gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors to inhibit brain activity. They help improve the onset and duration of sleep

Question 12

Benzodiazepines

Answer 12

Benzodiazepines act as a central nervous system depressant by increasing the effect of GABA to reduce brain activity.

Question 13

Melatonin Receptor Agonists

Answer 13

Melatonin receptor agonists increase the body’s uptake of melatonin. They mimic melatonin, which is a naturally occurring hormone produced by the pineal gland

Question 14

Antidepressants

Answer 14

Antidepressants can affect either the histamine or serotonin receptors to cause a sedative effect.