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Fibres > Shepherd > Flashcards

Shepherd Flashcards

1
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long chain Molecule constructed from many like-structured monomers covalently bonded

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2
Q

What are the 4 structures of polymers

A

Linear
Branched
Cross-linked
Collodial

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3
Q

What are Biopolymers?

A

Natural polymers extracted from natural sources

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4
Q

Give 3 examples of a biopolymer polysaccharide?

A

Chitin
Starch
Cellulose

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5
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

the building blocks of disaccharides

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6
Q

What bond forms at the hemicetal group of a saccharide

A

A glycosidic bond

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7
Q

What is glucose produced by?

A

Photosynthesis

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8
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Chain of monosaccharides, e.g. starch/chitin held together by glycosidic bonds

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9
Q

What is the most abundant polymer?

A

Cellulose (wood/fabric/cotton)

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10
Q

What is chitin?

A

polymer found in crustacean shells

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11
Q

How do chitin and cellulose differ?

A

Chitin is different from cellulose because of the substitution that occurs on the glucose molecule. Instead of a hydroxyl group (OH), the glucose molecules in chitin have an amyl group attached that consists of carbon and nitrogen.

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12
Q

What is glycogen?

A

a branched polymer, that is used by the body to store energy

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13
Q

What is a semi-synthetic polymer?

A

Derived from naturally occurring polymers by chemical modifications

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14
Q

Give 4 semi-synthetic polymers

A

Rayon
Cellophane
Vulcanised rubber
Gun Cotton

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15
Q

What are rayon and cellophane?

A 
Produced from cellulose by chemically treating the polysaccharide
Strong base (NaOH or KOH)
Carbon disulfide (CS2)
Followed by strong acid (H2SO4)
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16
Q

why is there a difference between rayon and cellophane?

A

Different processing converts to rayon or cellophane

Chemically very similar

17
Q

What is vulcanised rubber?

A

Process used to make natural rubbers harder and more durable
Connect adjacent polymer chains (crosslinking)
Uses sulphur

18
Q

What is gun cotton?

A

Originally intended as an accelerant for explosives
Also called nitrate film, it was used for cinematic film
Found to be too flammable – difficult to control and handle safely

Fibres (2 decks)

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