Shengs slides 1-3-2024

Question 1

what makes up the peripheral nervous system

Answer 1

Autonomic and somatic

Question 2

what is the definition of medicinal chemistry?

Answer 2

medicinal chemistry concerns with the discovery , the development, the interpretation of the mode of action of biologically active compounds at the molecular level.
[ interest in bioactive compounds and metabolic products]

Question 3

what makes up the somatic nervous system ?

Answer 3

sensory and motor

Question 4

what makes up the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 4

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 5

what are 4 different types of receptors ?

Answer 5

1. Ion channel
2. G protein coupled receptor
3. Receptor tyrosine kinase
4. Nuclear receptor

Question 6

what are the excitatory amino acids of ligand gated ion channels?

Answer 6

glutamate and aspartate

Question 7

what are the inhibitory amino acids of ligand gated ion channels?

Answer 7

GABA

Question 8

what are 6 antagonist and their matching agonist counterpart in terms of the receptor they act on?

Answer 8

1. Atropine and Pilocarpine
   2.Naloxone and Fentanyl
2. Metoclopramide and pergolide
   4.Flumazenil and Benzodiazepine
   5.Tamsulosin and Phenylephrine
3. Flutamide and Estradiol

Question 9

what are the neurotransmitters of catecholamines ?

Answer 9

Dopamine derivatives and epinephrine derivatives

Question 10

what is the substrate and drug examples for the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ?

Answer 10

1. Substrate: Acetylcholine
2. Drugs: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine

Question 11

what is the substrate and drug examples for the enzyme catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT)?

Answer 11

1. Substrate: Catechols such as levodopa
2. Drugs: COMT inhibitors: entacapone

Question 12

what is the substrate and drug examples for the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)?

Answer 12

1. Substrate: arachidonic acid
2. Drugs: NSAIDS

Question 13

what is the substrate and drug examples for the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) ?

Answer 13

1. catecholamines: DA,NE,EPI, 5-HT
2. Drugs: MOA inhibitors: Phenelzine, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid, selegiline, rasagiline, methylene

Question 14

which amino acid is the precursor of epinephrine ?

Answer 14

tyrosine

Question 15

what is the cellular membrane resting potential vm of neurons ?

Answer 15

between -60 mv to -80 mv

Question 16

which type of cell has measurable membrane potential?

Answer 16

Neurons cells

Question 17

what are the 3 fiber types of impulse propagation ?

Answer 17

Impulse propagation is all or none
1. A fibers: the largest 5-20 microns and 130m/second, myelinated node for the transmission of the somatic sensory and motor neurons linked to skeletal muscle
2. B fibers: the medium 2-3 microns and 15m/second, myelinated ones for visceral sensory and autonomic preganglionic neurotransmission
3. C fibers: the smallest 0.5-1.5 m/seconds, unmyelinated ones for sensory and autonomic motor transmission

Question 18

what is oxidation?

Answer 18

1. Loss of electrons
2. Oxidation number increases
3. Loss of hydrogen or gain of oxygen

Question 19

what is reduction?

Answer 19

1. Gain of electrons
2. Oxidation number decreases (reduces)
3. Gain of H or loss of oxygen

Question 20

what are the rules of oxidation number states for carbon?

Answer 20

1. Carbon-carbon (C-C) bond, the oxidation state for each carbon atom is considered to be 0.
   2.C-X, (X is More Electronegative) = -1 per Bond: When carbon is bonded to a more electronegative atom (denoted as X), the carbon is assigned an oxidation number of -1 for each bond.
   3.C-H bond, carbon is assigned an oxidation number of +1.
   4.To determine the overall oxidation state of carbon in a molecule, you sum up the individual oxidation numbers assigned based on the rules mentioned above for all atoms directly attached to the carbon.
   5.Oxygen is Always -2:
   6.Oxygen Gas = 0:

Question 21

What would be the appropriate cytochrome p450 nomenclature for “CYP2G1”

Answer 21

1. Family: 2
2. Subfamily: 2G
   3.Individual isoenzyme number within the CYP subfamily: CYP2G1