Shems Flashcards
Vital signs or cardinal signs are
Body temp, pulse, respiration, blood pressure
Types of body temp
Core and surface temp
Temp of the deep tissue of body
Core temp
Core temp is measured by
Oral and rectal temp
Temp of the skin, subcutaneous tissue and fat
Surface temp
Surface temp is measured by
Axillary temp
The heat regulating center in surface temp is found in the
Hypothalamus
Bodily heat is primarily produced by
Metabolisms
Increase cellular metabolic rate
Muscle activity
Characterized by increased body temp
Hyperthyroidism
Increase cellular metabolisms
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, sympathetic stimulation
Increase temp of body cells
Fever
Increases the rate of cellular metabolisms
Fever
Transfer of heat from the surface of one object to another without contact
Radiation
Transfer of heat from one surface to another with contact
Conduction
Requires temp difference between the two surfaces
Conduction
Dissipation of heat by air currents
Convection
Continuous vaporization of moisture from the skin, oral
Mucus, respiratory tract
Evaporation
Factors affecting temperature
Age
Diurnal variations
Exercise
Hormones
Body temp above normal range(hyperthermia, or fever)
Pyrexia
Very high fever, 41°C(105.8°F) and above
Hyperpyrexia
Subnormal core body temperature
Hypothermia
The temp fluctuates between periods of fever and periods of normal/subnormal temp
Intermittent fever
The temp fluctuates within a wide range over the 24 hour period but remains above be normal range
Remittent fever
The temp is elevated for few days, alternated with 1 or 2 days normal temp
Relapsing fever
Body temp is consistently high
Constant fever
The sudden decline of fever
Crisis of flush or defervescence stage
Gradual decline of fever
Lysis
A wave blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart.
Pulse
It regulates pulse rate
Autonomic Nervous System
Newborn-1month old
80-180 beats/min
1 year old
80-140 b/m
2 years old
80-130 b/m
6 years old
75-120 b/m
10 years old
60-90 b/m
Adult pulse rate
60-100 b/m
Pulse rate above 100 b/m (adult)
Tachycardia
Pulse rate below 60 b/m (adult)
Bradycardia
Irregular rhythm of pulse
Dysrhythmia
The pattern and intervals of beat
Rhythm
Pulse that can be easily obliterated
Thready pulse
Pulse that can only be obliterated by great pressure
Full or bounding pulse
Absence of - indicates cardiovascular disorder
Bilateral equality
Movement of gases in and out of the lungs
Ventilation
Exchange of gases from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
Diffusion
Availability and movement of blood for transport of gases, nutrients and metabolic waste activity
Perfusion
Two types of breathing
Costal(thoracic)
Diaphragmatic(abdominal)
Involves movement of chest
Costal breathing
Involves movement of abdomen
Diaphragmatic breathing
The primary respiratory center
Medulla oblongata
Responsible for the rhythmic quality of breathing
Pneumotaxic center
Responsible for deep, prolonged inspiration
Apneustic center
Normal rate of respiration
12-20/minute in adult
Refers to respiratory effort and sound of breathing
Quality or character
Term for Normal respiration
Eupnea
Rapid respiration, above 20 breathes per minute
Tachypnea
Slow breathing, less than 12 breaths/minute
Bradypnea
Difficult and labored breathing
Dyspnea
Ability to breath only in upright position
Orthopnea
Absence of respiration
Apnea
Difficulty of breathing in an upright position
Platypnea
The measure of the pressure exerted by blood as it pulsates through the arteries
Blood pressure
The pressure of blood when ventricles contract
Systolic pressure
Pressure when ventricles relax
Diastolic pressure
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
Pulse pressure
Viscosity of blood increases when hematocrit is more than—
60-65%
Deep rapid respiration, CO2 excessively exhaled
Respiratory alkalosis
Hyperventilation
Slow shallow respiration, CO2 excessively inhaled
Respiratory acidosis
Hypoventilation
Hypervolemia raises BP
True
Hypovolemia lowers BP
true
