sheepbrain Flashcards
CN1 Olfactory Nerve
s-Carries olfactory (smell) information
CNII- Optic Nerve,
s-Carries visual information.
CNIII- Oculomotor Nerve
M- Controls eye movement (extraocular muscles) and pupil constriction.
CNIV- Trochlear Nerve
M- Controls eye movement (superior oblique muscle to turn eye downward and laterally)
CNV- Trigeminal Nerve
MX- Carries sensory info from head including skin, muscle, bones, teeth. Motor branches control
biting and chewing
CNVI- Abducens Nerve
M- Controls eye movement (abducts the eye away from midline).
CNVII- Facial Nerve,
MX- Carries sensory info (taste) from tongue (anterior). Motor control for facial expressions, salivary
glands, tear ducts.
CNVIII- Vestibulocochlear Nerve
S- Carries auditory information from cochlea, and proprioceptive and balance info from
vestibular system
CNIX- Glossopharyngeal Nerve
MX- Sensory info (taste) from tongue (posterior), other sensory info from pharynx.
Motor control for swallowing and salivation.
CNX- Vagus Nerve
MX- Sensory and motor innervation of viscera and internal organs (heart, lungs, stomach, etc.). Some
sensory/motor innervation of pharynx, palate, etc.
CNXI- Spinal Accessory Nerve
M- Controls muscles of the neck and shoulders
CNXII- Hypoglossal Nerve,
M- Controls muscles of the tongue.
Pyriform lobe
Olfactory cortex and processing of smell (temporal lobe/insula in humans).
Occipital lobe
Visual cortex and processing.
Temporal lobe
Includes auditory cortex, part of posterior language cortex, some visual and higher-order association
cortex, the amygdala (limbic/emotion), the hippocampus (learning and memory).
Parietal lobe
Contains somatosensory cortex, involved in language comprehension (usually left side), and involved in
complex aspects of spatial orientation/awareness and perception.
Frontal lobe-
Includes motor regions that are involved in voluntary movement. Also, includes prefrontal and orbital
regions which connect w/ all other lobes and the limbic system, are important in working memory, emotional regulation,
prioritizing bodily/environmental demands, and goal-directed activity.
Cerebellum
“Little brain”; receives inputs from sensory systems, participates in planning and coordination of
movement, fine motor control.
Cerebellar Vermis
regulation of muscle tone for posture and locomotion
Cerebellar Hemispheres
motor planning and coordination of limbs.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Clear, colorless fluid that fills ventricles and subarachnoid space. Produced by the choroid plexus of
the lateral, 3rd, and 4th ventricles. Cushion for trauma, nourishes and removes waste.
Meninges
CNS protection, support, stability, contains layer of CSF in subarachnoid space
Dura Mater
attached to inside of skull (suspends spinal cord), outermost layer, tough and inelastic. Innervated
(pain-sensitive) and vascularized.
Arachnoid Mater
prevents diffusion between subarachnoid space and extracellular fluids of dura mater.
Contributes to the mechanical suspension of the CNS within subarachnoid space.
Pia Mater
Innermost and thinnest, attached to CNS surface and connected to arachnoid mater by strands of
collagenous connective tissue (trabeculae). Vascularized.
Hypothalamus
- Homeostasis region. Plays a major role in hormone release and orchestrating visceral and drive-related
activities: hunger, thirst, circadian rhythms, sexual behavior, parental behavior, etc.
Midbrain
Motor control, regulation of sleep/wake and arousal, temperature regulation, visual and auditory processing.
MB- Superior Colliculus
receives afferents from the retina and visual cortex, sends efferents to thalamus and plays a
role in directing visual attention and controlling eye movements.
MB- Inferior Colliculus
receives auditory info from ears and sends efferents to thalamus.
Pons
Involved in control of autonomic functions (e.g. breathing movements), regulation of states of attentiveness,
arousal, and sleep. The pons looks like a bridge (for which it was named) between the two cerebellar hemispheres, but
in fact it is a key link between the cerebrum and cerebellum
Medulla
- This structure is crucial to vital functions (respiratory, cardiovascular, visceral activity) and other integrative
activities.
Thalamus
An assortment of nuclei that relay sensory information to higher brain structures/cerebral cortex
Ventricles
Circulate cerebrospinal fluid throughout the brain. Choroid plexus = brown/pink, spongy material inside
lateral ventricles that produces the CSF. Order: 2x lateral ventricles → 3
rd ventricle → cerebral aqueduct → 4
th ventricle
→ central canal of spinal cord.
Corpus Callosum
Sheet of fibers (white matter) carrying information between the right and left hemispheres.
Pineal Body
Produces melatonin to regulate circadian rhythms.
Septum Pellucidum
A thin, chiefly glial, almost transparent membrane separating the two lateral ventricles.
Caudate Nucleus
Involved in production of voluntary motor movement.
Hippocampus
A specialized cortical area rolled into the temporal lobe. Plays a critical role in learning and the
consolidation of new memories.
Cerebral aqueduct
channel that connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle and allows cerebrospinal fluid to pass between them.
Medulla
autonomic (involuntary) functions
Choroid Plexus
produces the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
