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Husbandry > Sheep > Flashcards

Sheep Flashcards

1
Q

What is the global distribution of sheep?

A

UK, Spain, Portugal, N. Africa, Middle East, S. Australia, New Zealand, S. America

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2
Q

What percentage of agriculture output does the UK sheep industry account for?

A

5.8%

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3
Q

How are sheep carcases classified?

A

EUROP scale - determines conformation and fat cover

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4
Q

What are the carcasse weights and grades for UK supermarkets and butchers?

A

Supermarkets - 16-21.5kg, U and R 2/3L

Butchers - 20-24kg, U and R 3L/3H

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5
Q

What is the stratification of UK breeds/industry?

A 
Hill/mountain breeds
Longwool/crossing breeds
Shortwool/crossing breeds
Terminal sire breeds
Dairy breeds
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6
Q

What system is present in the UK?

A

3 tiered system:

  1. Hill sheep
  2. Upland
  3. Lowland
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7
Q

Name the UK hill breeds

A

Breeds:

  • Scottish blackface
  • Cheviot
  • Swaledale
  • Welsh mountain
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8
Q

Describe a hill flock set up

A
  • Mate with pure bred, pure bred lambs
  • Males castrated (withers), sold as stores to lowland farms for finishing
  • Ewe lambs kept as replacements
  • Draft ewes sold to up/lowland farms for further breeding
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9
Q

Name UK upland breeds

A
  • Blue faced Leicester
  • Border Leicester
  • Wensleydale
  • Teeswater
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10
Q

Describe an upland flock set up

A
  • Crossed with longwool breed to produce cross breds (mule, half bred)
  • Withers finished or sold to lowland for finishing
  • Some ewe lambs sold, some replacements
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11
Q

Describe what happens with upland ewes on lowland farms

A
  • Cross bred ewes crossed with terminal sire, prime lambs for slaughter
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12
Q

Describe what happens with sheep from hill farms on lowlands

A
  • Draft hill ewes crossed with terminal sire ram, prime lambs for slaughter
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13
Q

Describe what happens on a lowland farm

A
  • Lowland ewes crossed with terminal sire, prime lambs for slaughter
  • Terminal sires mated with purebred to replace pure bred rams (Texel, Suffolk, Charolais, Beltex)
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14
Q

What are the reproductive parameters of sheep?

A 
Puberty - 6-9 months
Cycle length - 14-19 days
Duration of oestrus - 24-36hrs
Ovulation from time of onset - 24-27hrs
Lifespan of CL - 1 days
Gestation - 147 days
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15
Q

What are the 2 main lambing production systems?

A
  1. Spring lambing

2. Winter lambing

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16
Q

What are the 3 variations on spring lambing?

A
  1. Summer lamb production - Lamb late Feb-March, sell off grass June-Oct
  2. Autumn/winter lamb production - Lamb late March/April, sell off grass Sep-Dec
  3. Hogget production - extension of autumn/winter lambing, sell off grass/finished indoors Jan-Apr
17
Q

What are the 2 variations on winter lambing?

A
  1. Intensive early lamb production - sell March-Apr
  2. Extensive early lamb production - sell off grass May-June
    * pedigree flocks
18
Q

What are the ram:ewe for hill farms, lowlands, after teasing, after synchronisation, ram lambs?

A 
Hill farm - 1:30
Lowland - 1:50
After teasing - 1:20
After synchronisation - 1:10
Ram lambs - 1:20
19
Q

How often should the colour in raddles be changed?

A

Every 9-14 days for 5-6 weeks.

20
Q

Describe nutrition of early gestation (<40d) in ewes

A
  • Maintain ewes on unrestricted pasture
  • Avoid abrupt dietary changes
  • Goal optimise embryo implantation, development and survival (implantation 2-4 wks post mating)
21
Q

Describe nutrition in mid-gestation (40-100d)

A

Managment following scanning:

  • Group ewes according to litter size, due date and BCS
  • More focused nutritional management
22
Q

Describe nutrition in late gestation

A
  • Management of nutrition critical*
  • Group ewes according to litter size and BCS
  • Need extra concentrates and forage ontop of feed already being given
23
Q

What are the consequences of under nutrition?

A
  • Low lamb birthweight
  • High premature birth rate
  • Increased lamb mortality
  • Poor ewe BCS
  • Decreased quantity/quality colostrum & overall milk yield
  • Decreased lamb growth rate
  • Increased incidence of pregnancy toxaemia
24
Q

When does lactation peak?

A

3-4 weeks post lambing

25
Q

Describe flock grazing requirements in a March lambing

A

Flock requirements follow grass availability

26
Q

Describe flock grazing requirements in an April lambing

A

Flock requirements exceed availability over summer

27
Q

What age are lambs weaned?

A
  • Generaly at 16 wks
  • If short of rass wean at 12 wks
  • Plenty of grass wean at 20 weeks
28
Q

What are the flock health considerations between conception and parturition?

A
  1. Reproductive failure
    - low ovulation/conception rate
    - high abortion rate
    - high perinatal losses
  2. Fertility
    - pregnancy rates ewes, 75-80%
    - ewe lambs and gimmers less fertile
  3. Abortion
    - up to 50% cases can go undiagnosed
    - Can be infectious (e.g. EAE, toxoplasmosis)
    Can be unifectious (e.g. twin lamb, stress)
29
Q

Describe EAE

A
  • Systemic bacterial infection, can spread orally
  • 90d onwards, kills foetus, causes abortion
  • vaccines available
30
Q

Describe toxoplasmosis

A
  • Principally affects placenta

- Vaccine available but cat control is essential

Husbandry (3 decks)

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