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AHW > Sheep > Flashcards

Sheep Flashcards

1
Q

How long do they graze for?

A

12 - 14 hours

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2
Q

What is a Kade?

A

a bottle fed lamb, smaller flight zone

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3
Q

Areas to watch out for in sheep?

A

Body - Charge and butt

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4
Q

What is Orf?

A

Zoonotic disease
Contagious pustular dermatitis

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5
Q

Where is the Point of balance on a sheep?

A

Shoulder
Use this point to move sheep

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6
Q

What parts should you never lift, drag or pull at?

A

Wool,
Ears,
Horns,
Legs.

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7
Q

What is casting?

A

1 or 2 people,
a way of getting the sheep to be laying down back against you.

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8
Q

Sheep Gestation period?

A

145 days (143-147 days)

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9
Q

What physical changes happen in stage 1 of labour - and how long can it last?

A

Stage 1 =
2 - 6hrs
cervical dilation
behaviour changes
abdominal contractions
appearance of water bag

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10
Q

What physical changes happen in stage 2 of labour - and how long can it last?

A

Stage 2 =
1 hr
passage of lamb through birth canal

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11
Q

What physical changes happen in stage 3 of labour - and how long can it last?

A

Stage 3 =
within 2-3 hrs of stage 2
repulsion of foetal membranes (a thin tissue that surrounds the fetus during gestation)

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12
Q

How long should after lambing should the placenta be passed?

A

within 3 hrs

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13
Q

what is the colostrum volume required for a lamb in the first 2hrs?

A

50 ml/kg in first 2hrs

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14
Q

what is the colostrum volume required for a lamb in the first 24hrs?

A

250 ml/kg in first 24hrs

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15
Q

What are some physical signs you should intervene in a ewe’s lambing? (10)

A

the ewe:
* has been trying to pass the lamb for over 1 hr with no delivery
* no process once lamb is at visible at the vulva for 20mins
* if ewe started lambing but as stopped
* lambs head visible but no forelimbs
* foetal head and 1 forelimb visible
* only tail visible
* large and swollen at vulva
* parts of 2 lambs visible
* brown / smelly discharge
* vaginal prolapse identified

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16
Q

What are some consequences of dystocia for the lamb? (4)

A

lamb has a:
* increased mortality rate
* higher chance of neonatal infections
*slower weight gain
* increased cost of care/medications

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17
Q

what are some consequences of dystocia for the ewe? (4)

A

ewe has:
* reduced colostrum
* poor mothering behaviour due to difficult birth
* higher cost of care/medications
* potentially future fertility decrease

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18
Q

How to know when the ewe is close to lambing?

A

udder starts to get bigger as accumulating colostrum
sacroiliac ligament starts slackening

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19
Q

What is the ligament between the tail head and vulva?

A

Sacroiliac ligament

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20
Q

Type of presentations of lambs Ewes? (6)

A

normal
leg back
head back
head only
backwards
breach

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21
Q

Key signs to assess in a healthy born lamb? (8)

A

general demeanour
posture
abdominal fill
standing ability
gait
eyes and eyelids
salvation
play behaviour

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22
Q

Normal temperature of a lamb?

A

39 - 40

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23
Q

Moderate hypothermic temperature of a lamb?

A

37 - 39

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24
Q

Severe hypothermic temperature of a lamb?

A

less than 37

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25
Q

common diseases in lambs? (3)

A

watery mouth
joint ill
entropion

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26
Q

what is watery mouth in lambs caused by, symptoms and how to treat?

A

caused my E.coli
dull, refuse to eat, salivate more, collapsing
antibiotics or anti-inflammatory druys

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27
Q

what is joint ill in lambs?

A

hot, swollen, painful joints

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28
Q

what is entropion in lambs, symptoms and how to treat?

A

turning of one or both of the lower eyelids
runny eyes and cloudy cornea
injection of penicillin parallel to the eyelid
application of Michel clips to the eyelid

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29
Q

when does watery mouth typically affect lambs?

A

12 - 36hrs

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30
Q

what bacteria caused joint ill?

A

Streptococcus dysgalactiae

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31
Q

when and why would you castrate a lamb?

A

first week of life, allow 1-2 days of suckling
prevents inbreeding
breeding management
influences carcass composition and growth -> higher fats

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32
Q

when would you not castrate a lamb?

A

if going for slaughter at young age

33
Q

what age do lambs hit puberty?

A

7 - 9 months old
rams start serving at 6 months

34
Q

why would you tail dock?

A

reduced faecal contamination in tail
reduced fly strike

35
Q

when would you inject glucose into a lamb?

A

more than 5 hrs old
temp less than 37
weak can’t hold its head up - can’t stomach tube it
dry and warm lamb
feed by stomach tube

36
Q

when would you stomach feed a lamb?

A

more than 5hrs old
temperature less than 37
can hold head up
dry and warm lamb
feed by stomach tube again

37
Q

where would you inject a glucose injection in a lamb and how?

A

Intraperitoneal injection
45 degree angle towards tail
1 inch down and left/right of navel
hold by legs, let organs drop

38
Q

how do you measure a feeding tube for a lamb?

A

from mouth to shoulder

39
Q

How long do lambs have milk teeth for?

A

birth - 12 months

40
Q

How old when lambs get first 2 incisors ooo00ooo ?

A

1yr 3 months

central incisors

41
Q

How old when lambs get incisors 3/4 oo0000oo ?

A

1yr 9 months

middle incisors

42
Q

How old when lambs get incisors 5/6 o000000o ?

A

2yrs 3 months

lateral incisors

43
Q

how old when lamb get incisors 7/8 00000000?

A

2yrs 9 months

corner incisors

44
Q

What is broken mouth in sheep?

A

teeth become elongated
become loose
fall out

45
Q

when can it be hard to tell the age of sheep?

A

if have broken mouth
would have to be culled if affected eating and BCS

46
Q

what is the best way to tell the weight of a sheep?

A

Body Condition score 1-5

47
Q

what body condition score does a ewe have to be over to breed?

A

2

48
Q

what is the optimum bcs to breed a ewe from?

A

2.5 - 3.5

49
Q

what are foot shears used for and how would you present animal?

A

trim feet of sheep
maintain shape and remove overgrowth
cast animal or turning gate

50
Q

what is a bolus applicator used for?

A

to administer boluses

51
Q

why should you not force a bolus out?

A

damage pharynx

52
Q

what is a drench gun and what is it used for (2) and where is it administered?

A

deliver liquids
e.g. anthelmintics, mineral drenches
ejected at the back of the tongue

53
Q

injection/injector what does it do?

A

administer multiple injections
e.g. vaccines
via subcutaneous delivery

54
Q

what is a raddle harness / crayon?

A

attaches onto ram to identify mounting
crayon marks rear of mounted lamb
change colours - lighter - to calculate approx timings - group 10-20

55
Q

what are 2 identification markers and what are they used for?

A

crayon - temporary, 1-2 weeks, indicate treatment, selection for sale
spray - longer lasting, 2-3 months, mark different groups, indicate treatment, no. ewe/lamb

56
Q

what are Dagging shears and what are they used for?

A

to remove dirty wool known as dags
e.g. faecal soiling
aka crutching

57
Q

what do you use to tail dock / castrate

A

an elastrator

58
Q

what is a crook?

A

extends handlers reach
to catch sheep by head
or leg (can pull which is a welfare issue)

59
Q

when is a halter used?

A

mainly showing
tying up reluctant ewe’s when fostering

60
Q

where would you inject a subcutaneous injection in a sheep?

A

top of neck
behind front leg
pinch skin

61
Q

where would you inject a intermuscular injection into a sheep?

A

triangle formed by nuchal ligament, jugular vein and cranial border of scapula

62
Q

where would you inject a intravenous injection into a sheep?

A

jugular vien
occlude to raise

63
Q

what breeding type are ewe’s?

A

short day seasonal polyoestrus (specific time)

64
Q

when is a sheep breeding season?

A

mate July - December
born December - may

65
Q

how long is their oestrus cycle and how long does it last?

A

16 - 17 days
24 - 40 hrs

66
Q

when are lambs ‘finished’?

A

half adult body weight - 40kg

67
Q

what weight would they need to gain per day to be finished within 10-20 weeks?

A

200-250 g/day

68
Q

what would be an appropriate mature ram : lamb ratio?

A

1 : 50
less for less ram lambs

69
Q

when can rams mate?

A

any time of the year
but lower libido and semen quality

70
Q

when can ewe lambs be bred from?

A

at 60% of adult body weight

71
Q

what does flushing mean in sheep terms?

A

number of ewe’s lambs per to ewe’s mated

72
Q

what does fecundity mean?

A

number of young produced per females mated

73
Q

what is the scientific name for sheep?

A

Ovis Aries

74
Q

where are sheep glands?

A

face / tear glands under eyes
foot / scent glands between toes

75
Q

what meat is produced from sheep?

A

lamb - only significant product
mutton - minor product

76
Q

what is sheep milk used for?

A

milk
cheese

77
Q

Sheep minor products?

A

wool
sheepskin
milk
mutton

78
Q

types of sheep flocks? (3)

A

commercial -
pet/hobby -
pedigree -

79
Q

what are EasyCare sheep?

A

need minimal labour input
some worm/ lameness resistant
high fleece value
no shearing
no crutching
no fly treatment needs

AHW (18 decks)

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