shaping and chaining

Question 1

is used to teach new behaviors.

successively reinforce (socialpraise/toy/good job!) behaviors that approximate (close to saying/doing) the target behaviors

Answer 1

shaping

Question 2

successive approximations

Answer 2

REINFORCEMENT
used in shaping to get to the taregt behavior

Question 3

behavior chains

Answer 3

set of behaviors that are related and depend on each other to produce reinforcement.

Question 4

chaining

Answer 4

involves directly teaching and reinforcing the steps of a behavior.

-end goal can serve as reinforcement

Question 5

what is the importance of shaping + chaining

Answer 5

complex behaviors and skills need to be taught one step at a time

Question 6

prompt

Answer 6

An added antecedent stimulus that brings about a specific behavior. Prompts can be thought of as “hints”.
critical that prompts be faded quickly so the natural “cue”sets the occasion
least-to-most/most-to-least prompting behavior

Question 7

task analysis

Answer 7

target behaviors are broken down
-used to break down complex tasks into smaller steps

Question 8

prompt fading

Answer 8

-should occur after the individual can perform the skill with the prompt
the learner can respond to cues or SD (request) independently

Question 9

Documenting each time a behavior occurs. Must be discrete ( have a clear beginning and end)

Answer 9

Frequency/ event recording

Question 10

Involves how a behavior occurs. MUST BE DISCRETE
Good to use for behaviors that many go on for different lengths of time on different occasions.
Time behavior began and ended

Answer 10

Duration recording

Question 11

A new behavior or skill that occurs in the presence of a novel person, place or stimulus not previously associated with teaching.

Answer 11

Generalization

Question 12

teaching that follows the learner’s lead in a naturally occurring way. incidental teaching g is used to program for generalization and maintenance and promote enhanced speech

Answer 12

Incidental teaching

Question 13

Applied behavior analysis

Answer 13

the application of the science of learning to socially significant human b behavior

Question 14

BCBA

Answer 14

board certified behavioral analyst. Requirements for this certification include completing a prescribed number of university Masters level coursework, completing 1500 hours of clinical work under the supervision of a BCBA

Question 15

teaching strategy used in ABA to acquire new skills. discrete trial is teacher directed and massed trial instruction. highly preferred reinforcers are used to increase the probability of correct responding, and clear, concise contingencies are applied throughout the teaching style

Answer 15

Discrete trial teaching (DTT)

Question 16

A verbal behavior term that means “request”one of the first verbal skills that is taught.if a learner can request and item, person and/or need the n the request can replace challenging problem behavior

Answer 16

MAND

Question 17

what is Premack principle

Answer 17

a person will perform a less preferred activity (low probability behavior) to gain access to a more preferred activity (high probability behavior)
-requires motivation for a specific activity to make it a high-p activity. FIRST/THEN rule
EX: first homework/then iPad

Question 18

What is Preference Assessment (4)

Answer 18

conducted to identify potential reinforcers.
1. Multiple Stimulus without Replacement (MSWO)
2. Multiple Stimulus with Replacement (MSW)
3. Paired Stimulus
4.Single Stimulus
5. free operant observations

Question 19

Function of Behaviors (4)

Answer 19

understand behavior and why it occurs. reason a behavior continues
Many behaviors occur because the individual gains access to something that is of value to them.
individuals will go to great lengths to escape or avoid things that are unpleasant.

1. something tangible
2. escape/avoidance
3. a sensory experience
4. Attention

Question 20

What is differential reinforcement

Answer 20

we are usually talking about its application to challenging behavior. consists of two parts:
(1) withholding reinforcement for the challenging behavior
(2) providing reinforcement for an appropriate replacement behavior, an incompatible behavior, or absence of the challenging behavior.

Question 21

what is an instruction

Answer 21

teacher-directed teaching method that uses a step-by-step approach to teaching skills. It is a highly structured and explicit method based on the fundamental principles:
1. all children can learn
2.effective teaching is explicit
3. learning is incremental
4. practice makes perfect
5. feedback is essential