Shapes of Molecules Flashcards
Draw and Name the possible shapes of covalent bonds
include bond angle, lone pairs and bonded pairs of electrons
Bond Pairs丨Lone Pairs丨Shape Name丨Bond Angle
2 0 Linear 180
3 0 Trigonal Planar 120
2 1 Bent V-Shape 118
4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5
3 1 Pyramidal 107
2 2 Bent V-Shape 104.5
5 0 Trigonal Bipyramidal 120,90
4 1 See-Saw 119,89
3 2 T-Shape 89
6 0 Octahedral 90
5 1 Distorted square-pyramid 89
4 2 Square planar 90
State the types of electron pairs and their strength
Bonding pairs and lone pairs; Lone pairs have a stronger repulsive force
Why are alcohols more reactive than alkanes?
The OH functional group is polar and will be able to react easily
Describe the structure and properties of Graphite
Has layers of graphene held together covalently in carbon rings. These carbons bond to 3 other carbons allowing for carbon to have a delocalised electron. This makes graphite conductive. Layers have weak Vand Der Waals attraction between which allows graphite to break easily
Describe the structure and properties of Diamond
Giant Covalent lattice. Tetrahedral structure where each carbon is bonded to 4 carbons. Very strong and does not conduct
Why is ice less dense than water
When water is a liquid, hydrogen bonds break and reform with ease.
When water freezes, the bonds arrange themselves in a fixed position giving ice a tetrahedral structure. This causes the ice to expand and have a lower density.
