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Question 1

What is the definition of aircrew coordination?

Answer 1

Aircrew coordination is the cooperative interaction between crewmembers necessary for safe, efficient, and effective performance of flight tasks.

Question 2

What is the description of aircrew coordination?

Answer 2

Aircrew coordination is a set of principles, attitudes, procedures, and techniques that transforms individuals into an effective crew. Aircrew coordination training is vital part of the overall unit training program.

Question 3

What are other names that have been used for aircrew coordination?

Answer 3

Cockpit resource management, integrated resource management, crew coordination.

Question 4

How were the six errors/failures associated with aircrew coordination identified?

Answer 4

Based on accident investigations, the Combat Readiness Center (CRC) identified six errors/failures associated with aircrew coordination.

Question 5

Which two principles combine to produce the objective 1, “establish and maintain team relationships”?

Answer 5

Principle 1, communicate effectively and principle 2, timely and sustain a climate of ready and prompt assistance.

Question 6

Which objectives are associated with the principle 3, “effectively manage and coordinate actions, events and workloads”?

Answer 6

Objective 2, establish and maintain efficient workloads and objective 4, cross monitor performance.

Question 7

How many objectives are there in aircrew coordination?

Answer 7

Four

Question 8

What is aircrew coordination objective number four?

Answer 8

Cross-monitor performance

Question 9

What three essential qualities support aircrew coordination principle 1, “communicate effectively and timely”?

Answer 9

Quality 1, Announce and Acknowledge Decisions and Actions

Quality 2, ensure that statements and directives are clear, timely, relevant, complete, and verified

Quality 3, be explicit.

Question 10

What are the four essential aircrew coordination principles?

Answer 10

Principle 1, communicate effectively and timely

Principle 2, sustain a climate of ready and prompt assistance

Principle 3, effectively manage, coordinate and prioritize actions, unexpected events and workload distribution

Principle 4, provide situational aircraft control, obstacle avoidance, and mission advisories.

Question 11

How many qualities are associated with aircrew coordination?

Answer 11

Eight

Question 12

With regard to the principle 1, “communicate effectively and timely”, when is communication effective?

Answer 12

The sender directs, announces, requests, or offers information; the receiver acknowledges the information; the sender confirms the receipt of information, based on the receiver’s acknowledgment and or action; is quickly and clearly understood; permits timely actions; makes use of a limited vocabulary of explicit terms and phrases to improve understanding in a high ambient noise environment.

Question 13

What are three of the barriers to communication in aircrew coordination?

Answer 13

Noise; word usage; physical; mental; interpersonal; stress; fatigue; emotion.

Question 14

What things should you do to have effective listening?

Answer 14

Attend to the sender; ask questions if unsure of message; restate message if necessary; acknowledge verbally or by actions.

Question 15

What are the three phases of aircrew communication and what is critical during these phases?

Answer 15

Pre-mission planning phase; in-flight phase; post-mission phase.

Inquiry, questioning, advocacy, assertion

Question 16

What should your actions be in the aircraft with regard to quality 1, “announce and acknowledge decisions and actions”?

Answer 16

Effective and well-coordinated

Question 17

Quality 2, “ensure that statements and directives are clear, timely, relevant, complete and verified.” Information must be _______, ________ , and said at the _______ possible.

Answer 17

Clearly understood, not confusing, easiest opportunity.

Question 18

When you avoid using terms that have multiple meanings, such as, “right,” “back up,” or “I have it,” you are using what quality?

Answer 18

Quality 3: Be explicit.

Question 19

Principle 2, “sustain a climate of ready and prompt assistance”: when do crewmembers have a responsibility to maintain situational awareness?

Answer 19

For mission requirements, flight regulations, operating procedures and safety.

Question 20

Who sets the tone of the crew and maintains the working environment?

Answer 20

The PC sets the tone of the crew and maintains the working environment.

Question 21

When crewmembers disagree on a course of action, what must the crew do?

Answer 21

When crewmembers disagree on a course of action, the crew must be effective in resolving the disagreement.

Question 22

What is one identifying factor of an effective crew?

Answer 22

Effective crews are composed of assertive crewmembers who consistently engage in situational leadership; each crewmember knows he/she is a productive member of the team and is willing to help fellow crewmembers without request; the entire crewmember participates as a team in the planning execution of the mission; an analytical style of decision-making is employed and crewmembers feel free to express concerns or advocate a position; the cockpit climate is relaxed and friendly but professional in its execution of mission objectives; crewmembers provide timely and clearly stated information to one another to maintain common understanding of conditions, actions, and decisions.

Question 23

What is one identifying factor of an ineffective crew?

Answer 23

Crews are composed of crewmembers who are unable to balance task and personnel considerations; Crewmembers’ feelings may range from frustration to just being along for the ride, they generally do not help one another without direction; the sole planner and decision-maker is the PC who provides only a cursory briefing to the crew; crewmembers may be left wondering about their actions, duties, and responsibilities; the cockpit climate is business-like, however, confusion is likely to occur during high workload and short lead time situations because only the PC understands the mission objectives and is unable to explain requirements under such conditions, even after the crisis has passed.

Question 24

What are the management styles associated with aircrew coordination?

Answer 24

Nurturing; Autonomous; Balancer; Aggressive; Assertive.

Question 25

What are the three levels of motivation?

Answer 25

Compliance

Identification

Internalization

Question 26

What are the three types of coercion?

Answer 26

Command climate

Command pressure

Cockpit pressure

Question 27

What are two of the team management problems associated with aircrew coordination?

Answer 27

Lack of support; SOP ignored; Stress problems; Emotional problems; Judgment problems; Get Home-‘itis’; Management problems; Communication problems; Leadership problems; Discipline problems.

Question 28

____________ is the act of rendering a solution to a problem and defining an action plan.

Answer 28

Decision-making

Question 29

What are the two decision-making styles that the Army recognizes in the decision-making process?

Answer 29

Analytical and automatic

Question 30

What are the hazardous attitudes that may impede the decision-making process?

Answer 30

Anti-authority; Impulsiveness; Invulnerability; Macho; Resignation; “Get there-itis; Over confidence

Question 31

Depending upon the management style and the crew climate, crewmembers should feel free to:

Answer 31

Raise questions regarding plans, revisions to plans, actions to be taken and the status of key information.

Question 32

What is advocacy?

Answer 32

Stronger than a recommendation, this is a positive declaration in favor of a set of possibilities; it is the obligation to speak out in support of a course of action different than being planned or followed. Also involves listening to other viewpoints that may be contradictory in nature.

Question 33

What is assertion?

Answer 33

To state a position with some force or conviction; the forceful, non-threatening statement of a belief, feeling, position, or ideas concerning a situation with which one is uncomfortable.

Question 34

What are the causes of high workload in aircrew coordination?

Answer 34

Poor planning and rehearsal; Unexpected events; Weather and the environment; ATC; Cockpit design; Mission complexity; Crew endurance.

Question 35

What are way ways of managing high workloads?

Answer 35

Awareness level high workload; Delegate; Prioritize tasks; Expand time available.

Question 36

What are the effects of low workloads?

Answer 36

Awareness low; mind wandering; Inattention; Drowsiness/boredom; Complacency.

Question 37

How do you deal with distractions pertaining to aircrew coordination?

Answer 37

Ignore; Delay; Delegate; Handle.

Question 38

What are three types of unexpected events?

Answer 38

Malfunction; Sudden loss of visual reference near the ground; Inadvertent IMC; Unusual environmental conditions; near mid-air collisions; Short notice in-flight mission changes; Encounters with threat.

Question 39

What events are present in aviation accidents?

Answer 39

Two Sudden loss of visual reference; Malfunctions; i.e., lights, audio, and other distractions; Maneuvers during formation flight; NVG descents over low contrast surf aces; Approaches into tight LZs with numerous obstacles; Maneuvering too close to obstacles; Wire avoidance; Threat evasive maneuvers; Inadvertent IMC; Terrain flight maneuvers.

Question 40

Time available, type of mission, crew familiarity with current tactical situation, area of operations, SOP, the planning process are some of the factors which affect ___________ and ___________.

Answer 40

Factors affecting planning and rehearsal.

Question 41

Quality 4, “direct assistance”: what does the PC ensure are clearly assigned and efficiently distributed to prevent overloading of and crewmember?

Answer 41

PC ensures that all crew duties and mission responsibilities are clearly assigned and efficiently distributed to prevent the overloading of any crewmember, especially during critical phases of flight.

Question 42

What are the situational awareness influences?

Answer 42

Experience; Training; Physical flying; Spatial orientation; Physical and emotional health; Attitude.

Question 43

What are the situational awareness problems?

Answer 43

Boredom; Complacency; Uncertainty; Frustration and anger.

Question 44

What are two types of incapacitation?

Answer 44

Subtle incapacitation

Gross incapacitation

Question 45

Nobody flying the aircraft, nobody looking out the window, and departure from SOP are types of _________ in the error/poor judgment chain.

Answer 45

Links in error/poor judgment chain.

Question 46

What are three techniques to break the error chain?

Answer 46

Two-challenge rule

Positive team building

detailed pre-mission planning and rehearsal

Question 47

Quality 8, “offer assistance”: when should crewmembers offer assistance?

Answer 47

Crewmembers offer assistance when they detect errors or see other crewmembers needing help.

Question 48

What is the objective of pre-mission planning and rehearsal?

Answer 48

Objective of pre-mission planning and rehearsal: entire aircrew understands all mission requirements and understands their role in accomplishing the requirements.

Question 49

What are three classifications of tasks?

Answer 49

Critical tasks

important tasks

Routine tasks

Question 50

Which decision-making style is more thorough and takes more data into account?

Answer 50

Analytical style