SFR - 09 - We form a new colony Flashcards
1
Q
droop
A
(v) /druːp/
to bend or hang down heavily
- The flowers were drooping in the heat.
- I can see you’re tired because your eyelids have started to droop.
2
Q
mingle
A
(v) /ˈmɪŋ·ɡəl/
- to mix with; combine:
- Her excitement at starting the new job was mingled with fear.
- to be with or among other people, esp. talking to them:
- He seems to be mingling with the other guests.
3
Q
grotto
A
(n) /ˈɡrɑː.t̬oʊ/
small case that is attractive
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Grutas_de_Garc%C3%ADa.jpg
4
Q
grandeur
A
(n) /ˈɡræn.dʒɚ/
the quality of being very large and special and beautiful
- the silent grandeur of the desert
- the grandeur of Wagner’s music
5
Q
overawe
A
(v) /ˌoʊ.vɚˈɑː/
to cause someone to feel a mixture of respect and fear:
- Some of the players were totally overawed by playing their first game at the national stadium.
6
Q
chasm
A
(n) ˈkæz.əm/
a very deep, narrow opening in rock, ice, or the ground
- They leaned over the rails and peered down into the dizzying chasm below.
7
Q
steed
A
(n) /stiːd/
a horse that is ridden
- a fine, white steed
8
Q
tramp
A
/træmp/
(v) walk heavily or noisily
(n)
1. the sound of heavy steps, typically of several people.
- “the tramp of marching feet”
9
Q
resounding
A
(adj) /rɪˈzaʊn.dɪŋ/
loud
- Supporters gave the team three resounding cheers.
10
Q
timber
A
(n) /ˈtɪm.bɚ/
(UK) timber
(US) lumber
- wood used for building
- trees that are grown so that the wood from them can be used for building:
- a timber forest
- These trees are being grown for timber
11
Q
eloquence
A
/ˈel.ə.kwəns/
(n): the quality of delivering a clear, strong message
- She was renowned for her eloquence and beauty.
- His wit and eloquence made it a joy to be around him.
12
Q
foul
A
(adj) /faʊl/
extremely unpleasant
- Those toilets smell foul!
- I’ve had a foul day at work.
- Why are you in such a foul mood this morning?
- What foul weather!
13
Q
fiend
A
(n) /fiːnd/
an evil and cruel person
- He was portrayed in the media as a complete fiend.
14
Q
malignant
A
(adj) /məˈlɪɡ.nənt/
leading to death
- The process by which malignant cancer cells multiply isn’t fully understood.
- Is the tumor malignant or benign /bɪˈnaɪn/)?
15
Q
wand
A
(n) /wɑːnd/
a magical stick of a wizard
16
Q
circumference
A
(n) /sɚˈkʌm.fɚ.əns/
the line surrounding a circular space, or the length of this line:
17
Q
meteor
A
(n) /ˈmiː.t̬i.ɔːr/
shooting star
18
Q
thunderstorm:
drizzle
shower:
hail:
sleet:
puddle:
A
thunderstorm:
drizzle
shower:
hail:
sleet:
puddle:
19
Q
whiz
A
(v) /wɪz/
to move or do ST very fast
- A police car whizzed by, on its way to the accident.
- We whizzed through the rehearsal, so that we’d be finished by lunchtime.
- Time just whizzes past when you’re enjoying yourself.
(n) a person with a very high level of skill or knowledge in a particular subject:
- a computer whiz
- He’s a whiz at poker.
20
Q
fiery
A
(adj) /ˈfaɪə.ri/
bright red, like fire:
- a fiery sky/sunset
21
Q
efficacious
efficacy
A
(adj) /ˌef.əˈkeɪ.ʃəs/
(of something inanimate or abstract) successful in producing a desired or intended result; effective.
- “the vaccine has proved both efficacious and safe”
- They recently ran a series of tests to measure the efficacy of the drug.
22
Q
extinguish
A
(v) /ɪkˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/:
to stop a fire or a light burning
- It took the firefighters several hours to extinguish the flames.
- to extinguish a cigarette
23
Q
vitiate
A
(v) /ˈvɪʃ.i.eɪt/
destroy or damage ST
- He said that American military power should never again be vitiated by political concerns.
- development programs have been vitiated by the rise in population
- the insurance is vitiated because of foolish acts on the part of the tenant
24
Q
thrust
A
(v) /θrʌst/
to push strongly and suddenly
- She thrust the money into his hand.
- They thrust a microphone in front of me and fired questions at me.
- She thrust the papers at me (= towards me).
- The bodyguards thrust past the crowd to get at the cameraman.
25
toil
(n) /tɔɪl/
labour, hardwork
- Lindi has achieved her comfortable life only after years of hard toil.
- Well, after a day's toil in the office I like to relax a little.
26
batter
(v) /ˈbæt̬.ɚ/
to hit and behave violently towards a person, especially a woman or child, repeatedly over a long period of time, or to hit something with force many times:
- He was battered to death with a rifle butt.
- He was battering (at/on) the door with his fists and howling.
- The waves battered against the rocks at the bottom of the cliff.
- The burglars had battered down the door of the house (= hit it so hard that it broke and fell down).
27
undertaking
(n) /ˈʌn.dɚˌteɪ.kɪŋ/
a job, business, or piece of work
- The construction of the tunnel is a large and complex undertaking.
28
perishable
(adj) /ˈper.ɪ.ʃə.bəl/
Perishable food decays quickly:
- It's important to store perishable food in a cool place.
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perish verb [I] (DIE)
to die, especially in an accident or by being killed, or to be destroyed:
29
cellar
(n) /ˈsel.ɚ/
a room under the ground floor of a building, usually used for storing things
30
insurmountable
(adj) /ˌɪn.sɚˈmaʊn.t̬ə.bəl/
(especially of a problem or a difficulty) so great that it cannot be dealt with successfully:
- insurmountable difficulties
- This small country is faced with an insurmountable debt.
31
hew
(v) /hjuː/
hewed | hewed or hewn
to cut a large piece out of the rock, stone, or another hard material in a rough way
- The monument was hewn out of the side of a mountain.
32
dash
dash is not dart:
(v) /dæʃ/
to go somewhere quickly
- The dog ran off, and she dashed after him.
- I've been dashing around all day.
- I must dash - I've got to be home by seven.
33
irreparable
(adj) /ɪˈrep.ər.ə.bəl/
impossible to repair or make right again
- unless the oil spill is contained, irreparable damage will be done to coastline
34
spin
(v) spin - spun - spun
to (cause to) turn around and around, especially fast
- The earth spins on its axis.
- The roulette players silently watched the wheel spin around/round.
- He was killed when his car hit a tree and spun off the road.
- Spin the ball (= make it turn around and around as you throw it) and it will change direction when it hits the ground.
35
dilapidated
(adj) /dɪˈlæp.ə.deɪ.t̬ɪd/
old and in poor condition
- the hotel we stayed in was really dilapidated
- a dilapidated old car/shed
36
vigorous
(adj) /ˈvɪɡ.ɚ.əs/
very forceful and energetic
- a vigorous debate
- There has been vigorous opposition to the proposals for a new road.
- He takes plenty of vigorous exercise.
37
balmy
(adj) /ˈbɑː.mi/
(of weather) pleasantly warm
- a balmy summer evening
38
verdure
(n) /ˈvɝː.dʒɚ/
(the green color of) fresh, healthy plants
- This beautiful mountain scenery was covered with verdure even 80 or 100 years ago.
Synonym: greenery
39
riven
**(adj) /ˈrɪv.ən/**
violently divided
- It was a community/nation/family riven by hatred.
40
blunted cone
**blunt** /blʌnt/
1. (adj) A blunt pencil, knife, etc. is not sharp and therefore not able to write, cut, etc. well.
2. (v) to make something less sharp
**cone** /koʊn/
(n) a shape with a flat, round or oval base and a top that becomes narrower until it forms a point:
41
glutinous
(adj) /ˈɡluː.t̬ən.əs/
sticky
- Short-grain rice turns into a soft, glutinous mass when cooked.
**Synonyms**
- gluey
- gummy
- sticky (NOT DRY/SMOOTH)
- viscous
42
membrane
(n) /ˈmem.breɪn/
a thin piece of skin that covers or connects parts of a person's or animal's body:
- The cornea is the transparent membrane that covers the front of the eye.
43
deposit
(v) /dɪˈpɑː.zɪt/
to leave something somewhere:
- The flood waters fell, depositing mud over the whole area.
- The bus deposited me miles from anywhere.
- The cuckoo deposits her eggs in other birds' nests.
- I deposited my luggage in a locker at the station.
44
plait
(v) /pleɪt/
*(US usually **braid**)*
to join three or more pieces of hair or string-like material by putting them over each other in a special pattern
- She plaited the horse's tail.
- a plaited leather bracelet/belt
45
pliable
(adj) /ˈplaɪ.ə.bəl/
easy to bend without cracking
- Some kinds of plastic become pliable if they're heated.
46
induce
(v) /ɪnˈduːs/
persuade SO to do ST
-They induced her **to** take the job by promising editorial freedom.
- Nothing could induce me (= I definitely cannot be persuaded) **to** climb a mountain/ride a bike.
47
luxuriant
(adj) /lʌɡˈʒʊr.i.ənt/
growing thickly, strongly, and well:
- Tall, luxuriant plants grew along the river bank.
- This stretch of land was once covered with luxuriant forest, but is now bare.
- Her luxuriant hair fell around her shoulders.
48
peril
(n) /ˈper.əl/
great danger, or something that is very dangerous
- I never felt that my life was in peril.
- The journey through the mountains was fraught with peril (= full of dangers).
- Teenagers must be warned about the perils of unsafe sex.
49
magnificent
(adj) /mæɡˈnɪf.ə.sənt/
very good, beautiful, or deserving to be admired
- a magnificent view
- a magnificent piece of writing
- They live in a magnificent Tudor house.
**Synonyms**
brilliant
glorious
plendid
50
dwindle
(v) /ˈdwɪn.dəl/
to become smaller in size or amount, or fewer in number
- The community has dwindled to a tenth of its former size in the last two years.
- Her hopes of success in the race dwindled last night as the weather became worse.
51
impregnable
(adj) /ɪmˈpreɡ.nə.bəl/
a building or other place that is pregnable is so strongly built and/or defeated that it can not be entered by force
- Despite burglar alarms and window locks, homes are never impregnable against determined thieves.
52
aperture
(n) /ˈæp.ɚ.tʃɚ/
1. an opening, hole, or gap.
2. a small and often narrow opening, esp. one that allows light into a camera
53
conceal
(v) /kənˈsiːl/
prevent ST from being seen or known about
- The listening device was concealed in a pen.
- I tried to conceal my surprise when she told me her age.
- It was said that the police concealed vital evidence.
- Is there something you're concealing from me?
**Synonym**:
hide
54
hover
(v) /ˈhovɚ/
to stay in one place in the air, usually by moving the wings quickly:
- A hawk hovered in the sky, waiting to swoop down on its prey.
- I heard the noise of a helicopter hovering overhead.
55
pounce
/paʊns/
to jump or move quickly in order to catch or take hold of something:
Synonym: swoop
56
straggler
(n) /ˈstræɡ.lɚ/
a person or animal that is last in a group to do something or the last to get to or leave a place:
- We watched the last of the stragglers come in, three hours after the first runner.
57
elude
/iˈluːd/
If something that you want eludes you, you do not succeed in achieving it:
- The gold medal continues to elude her.
- They had minor breakthroughs but real success eluded them.
58
vigilance
(n) /ˈvɪdʒ.əl.əns/
(adj): vigilant
more careful attension, especially in order to notice possible danger
- The police said that it was thanks to the vigilance of a neighbour that the fire was discovered before it could spread.
59
ingenuity
(n) /ˌɪn.dʒəˈnjuː.ə.t̬i/
someone's ability to think of clever new ways of doing something
- I was impressed by the ingenuity and energy of the contestants.
- It took some time and a little ingenuity, but we were able to rescue the animals.
60
roe
(n) /roʊ/
fish eggs, eaten as food
[roe](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/images/thumb/roe_noun_002_31391.jpg?version=5.0.286)
61
fishery
(n) /ˈfɪʃ.ɚ.i/
an area of water where fish are caught so they can be sold:
- an offshore fishery
62
bale
(v) /beɪl/
to tie up something tightly into bales
We were baling (up) the hay all day.
63
pickle
(n) /ˈpɪk.əld/
kept in vinegar:
- pickled onions/gherkins/herring
- Have some pickles with your sandwich.
- a sweet/sour pickle
64
secure
(v) /səˈkjʊr/
1. to get something, sometimes with difficulty
- He was disappointed by his failure to secure the top job with the bank.
2. to make certain something is protected from danger or risk
- The building has only one main entrance and would be easy to secure
3. to fasten one object firmly to another
- secure the boat to the dock
65
tan
(v) /tæn/
to become brown, or to make someone's body or skin, ... brown, from being in the sun
- She came back from Spain with a deep tan.
- Annabelle was flaunting her tan in a little white dress.
- Her skin tans very quickly in the summer.
- I need to tan my legs before the holiday.
66
occupation
(n) /ˌɑː.kjəˈpeɪ.ʃən/
1. a person's job
2. a regular activity or hobby
- It seems to me his favorite occupation is eating
67
vigor, vigour
(n) /ˈvɪɡ.ər/
strength, energy, or enthusiasm:
- we returned our labor to our renewed vigour
- I'm 79 but I'm still full of vigor and vitality
*the difference between vigour and vitality is that vigour is active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy while vitality is the capacity to live and develop.*
68
spicy vs species
spicy: /ˈspaɪ.si/
containing strong flavours from spices:
Do you like spicy food?
species: /ˈspiː.ʃiːz/
a set of animals or plants in which the members have similar characteristics to each other and can breed with each other
69
plaster
(n): /ˈplæs.tɚ/
a substance that becomes hard as it dries and is used especially for spreading on walls and ceilings in order to give a smooth surface
70
gypsum
(n) /ˈdʒɪp.səm/
a hard, white substance that is used in making plaster of Paris
71
content
(adj) /kənˈtent/
(n) /ˈkɑːn.tent/
72
string out something
1. to arrange things in a line:
- A set of 10 powerful radio telescopes were strung out from the Virgin Islands to Hawaii.
- Most of Canada's population is strung out along its 5,525-mile border with the US
- The geese were strung out along the river bank.
2. to cause something to last longer than it usually would:
- That ruling could string out the dispute for months.
73
sturgeon, salmon, trout
some kinds of fish
74
spawn
(n) /spɑːn/
the eggs of fish, frogs, ...
- deposit their spawn among the stones.
75
puzzle
(v) /ˈpʌz.əl/
1. to cause someone to feel confused and slightly worried because they can not understand something
- It puzzled me why she had said that
2. (+ adv/prep) to try to solve a problem or understand a situation by thinking carefully about it
- Scientists are puzzling over the results of the research
76
apparatus
(n) /ˌæp.əˈræt̬.əs/
a set of equipment or tools or a machine that is used for a particular purpose
- He returned with his fishing apparatus in hand
77
arrow
/ˈer.oʊ/
78
twine
(n): /twaɪn/
strong string made of two or more pieces of string twisted together
- a ball of twine
- garden twine
79
fin - finny
a thin vertical part sticking out of the body of especially a fish or an aircraft that helps balance and movement:
used to describe something, especially a fish, that has a fin (= a thin vertical part sticking out from the body) or that looks like a fin:
80
lash
(v) /læʃ/
to hit with a lot of force
- He pulled tremendously and lashed the water around him
81
pant
(v) /pænt/
to breath quickly and loudly through your mouth, usually because you've been doing something very energetic
82
utilize
(v) /ˈjuː.t̬əl.aɪz/
to use something in an effective way ( make use of something)
- the vitamins come in a form that is easily utilized by the body
utility /juːˈtɪl.ə.t̬i/ : the usefulness of something, especially in a practical way:
83
stiffen
(v) /ˈstɪf.ən/
to become firm or more difficult to bend
- Beat the cream until it begins to stiffen
- His body stiffen in fear
84
consistency
(n) /kənˈsɪs.tən.si/
1. The physical nature of a substance, especially a thick liquid, for example by being thick or thin, smooth or lumpy, etc...
- She loved the creamy consistency of fresh paint
- Melt the chocolate to a pouring consistency
2. The quality of always behaving or performing in a similar way, or of always happening in a similar way
- They've won a few games this season but they lack consistency
85
Unripe - ripe - rotten
(adj) /raɪp/
(adj) /ˈrɑː.tən/
86
profusion
(n) /prəˈfjuː.ʒən/
an extremely large amount of something
- She'd never seen flowers so beautiful and in such profusion
87
amusement vs amazement
the feeling of being entertained or made to laugh:
- She looked at him with amusement
- I play the piano just for my own amusement (= to entertain myself, not other people)
extremely surprise
88
soar
(v) /sɔːr/
to rise very quickly to a high level
- house prices soared a further 20 percent
- the bird spread its wings and soared into the air
89
droop vs stoop
droop (v): to be limp from lack of water or vigor
stoop (v): to descend to a level that is beneath one's dignity
90
bear - bore - bore
1. to accept, tolerate, or endure something, especially unpleasant
- The strain muse have been enormous but she bore it well
2.
91
abound in/with ST
if something abounds in/with ST, it has a lot of them
92
capacious
(adj) /kəˈpeɪ.ʃəs/
1. having a lot of space inside
- She put her notebook and pin back to her capacious handbag
- The new model car is even more comfortable and capacious
Synonym: spacious
2. able to include a lot of different things
- our organization is diverse and capacious, open to all
- her creative, capacious brain was always brimming with ideas
93
pasture
(n)/ˈpæs.tʃɚ/
grass or similar plants suitable for animals such as cows and sheep to eat, or an area of land covered in this
94
shed
(n) /ʃed/
a small building, usually made of wood, used for storing things
- Fritz and I selected a spot for erection of our shed
erect : /ɪˈrekt/
95
peculiar
(adj) /pɪˈkjuːl.jɚ/
unusaul and strange, sometimes in an unpleasant way
- She has the most peculiar ideas
- I noticed a peculiar smell
96
aromatic
(adj) /ˌer.əˈmæt̬.ɪk/
having a pleasant smell
- aromatic herbs
97
spice vs condiment
Generally, spices are food ingredients mainly used to season a food dish during its preparation. In contrast, condiments are primarily used at the dining table to enhance the flavors of a dish
