SFE Flashcards
Z score
how many standard deviations from the mean a score is
Ordinal
rank order
Ratio-(comparison)
has a true 0, meaning the absence of measurement (whereas 0 in interval measurement such as temp. does not mean the absence of temp.)
Cohen’s D
is an effect size used to indicate the standardized difference between 2 means
Null hypothesis
chance alone is responsible for data; no relationship b/n measured phenomena.
One or two tailed test
ways of computing statistical significance from a data set.; type of test must be selected before the experiment
Skewed distribution to standard z distribution
(normal distribution=bell curve)
transformation ? —> transforming skewed to a z–increases the standard error of the mean (SEM)
Validity
does the test accurately measure what it reports to measure.
(face validity, concurrent validity, criterion validity.
Internal validity
the extent to which you can say there are no other variables that could be causing the results given; the less the chance for confounds–higher the internal validity.
History effects
a threat to internal validity in which an outside event or occurrence might have produced effects on the dependent variable.
external validity
the extent to which results can be generalized to world at large
Reliability
consistency
Test effects
the finding that long-term memory is increased when some of the learning period is devoted to retrieving the to-be-remembered information. The effect is also sometimes referred to as retrieval practice or test-enhanced learning. (helpful to receive feedback as study–i.e. Flash card sites)
What order does APA ethics code fall in?
Federal: U.S, laws and U.S. administrative laws (HIPAA)
State: licensing laws and pertinent statutes (ORS’s), administrative rules (OARS’s) (in OR-> APA code in admin. rules)
Organizational policies
Ethical principles and APA codes
HIPAA – who it applies to:
anyone who provides health care and does emr’s (electronic medical records)
increased privacy of records
must gain consent to share info within TPO(treatment, payment and health care operations); authorization for sharing records outside
Is ethical to waive the co-pay?
yes
Who created the 1st lab
William Wundt, 1879, Lepzig poland
Who did the psychophysical methods, such as the method of adjustment the method of limits and the method of constant stimuli
Gustov Fechner
John Watson
Behaviorism
John Locke
tabula rasa–mind is a blank slate: formed and developed f/experiences
Thorndike’s Law of Effect:
A reward tends to increase the probability of recurrence of the response that precedes it.
Bowenian theory
differentiation of Self, unresolved family conflict; worked on decreasing emotions
What is lithium used for
bipolar
Number of people with schizophrenia
4 in a 1000
reticular formation
responsible for attention→ including orienting, selective, divided and sustained attention
temporal lobes
long term memory
learning disability
usually signifies a discrepancy between general ability and specific achievement.
What are neurotransmitters attached to?
axons, dendrites
Broca’s area
located in frontal lobe, left hemisphere)-speech: have no difficulty understanding spoken language but have trouble with expressing it
Broca’s aphasia:
slow speech
occipital lobe
vision
parietal lobe,frontal lobes
executive functioning planning
Amygdala
almond shaped. vital in processing memory
Hippocampus
center of emotion, memory. connected to amygdala
cerebellum
fine motor movements
Parasympathetic nervous system
relaxation response
sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight
Synesthesia
taste sounds and hear
thalamus
sensory and motor signals to cortex
Pons
messages to the thalamus
Wernicke’s (in temporal lobe)
have no difficulty difficulty perceiving words but cannot associate the words with their underlying meaning. When communicating, they get their words all mixed up in the sentence
Wernicke’s aphasia
If Wernicke’s area is damaged, will be unable to understand speech or written communication.
Fireman scenario
endorphines
What regulates mood, body temperature, etc.
serotonin
Prefrontal cortex
planning and cognitive behavior. The manager
*Negative Reinforcement in weight loss group
refunds
Operant Conditioning
Skinner. Reinforcements
Dog salivating
food, light-conditioned stimulus: Classical conditioning & Pavlov. High probability behavior before low probability behavior (modeling, shaping, Premack principle)
Iconic and echoic memory
The sensory memory (shortest-term element of memory) for visual stimuli is sometimes known as the iconic memory, the memory for aural (auditory) stimuli is known as the echoic memory
Semantic memory
general knowledge
Episodic memory
detailed knowledge
Walking down a hall & have to remember way back
working memory (visual spatial)
primitive defenses
– L,K, F
How is biopsychosocial model related to the medical model?
Biopsychosocial model is individualized, multi-faceted approach of treating a client while medical model focuses on the physical pathology (if physical pathology fixed person should be better concept)
Projective identification -
parents helping children developing healthy personality (projective identification, ego split, idealization etc.,)
bystander effect
too many people. No one takes responsibility
Lewin: studied leadership styles
(authoritarian, democratic, laissez faire/permissive)
:most productive leader: democratic/participative leadership
Attraction (
p. 420-421) physical proximity, reciprocity, sex differences, relational power,
Self affirmation theory
(p. 230) “affirming an important aspect of the self prior to receipt of a counterattitudinal message can buffer the self against the threat imposed by the message and thereby increase the likelihood that participants respond to the message favorably.”
automaticity
-engaging in automatic processes
