Sexually transmitted infections

Question 1

general characteristics of Human Papilloma virus

Answer 1

non-enveloped DNA virus
icosahedral

Question 2

HPV genome (pathogenesis)

Answer 2

• 6 early genes: E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7
  E6 suppresses p53
  E7 suppresses pRB
• 2 late genes: L1 and L2 > production of capsid

Question 3

clinical manifestations of low-risk HPV

Answer 3

type 6, 11:
- papillomas (benign lesions > warts)
- laryngeal papilloma in children

Question 4

clinical manifestations of high-risk HPV

Answer 4

HPV type 16, 18, 31, 33, 45
* Cervical CA in transformation zone (squamocolumnar)

Question 5

diagnosis of HPV

Answer 5

1- clinically
2- pap smear / colposcopy
3- PCR
4- EM

Question 6

treatment for HPV

Answer 6

warts:
- cryotherapy and excision for cosmetic reasons
pre-malignant:
- carbon dioxide laser treatment or cold coagulation
malignant lesions:
- excision and radiotherapy + chemotherapy

Question 7

prevention of HPV

Answer 7

decrease risk factors
screening
vaccines (L1 suppression):
- Gardasil (broad)
- Cervarix

Question 8

General characteristics of Molluscum contagiousum

Answer 8

member of the poxvirus family
- enveloped DNA virus, DNA dependent RNA-polymerase

Question 9

what type of inclusions is usually seen under the microscope(molluscum contagiosum)?

Answer 9

cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions (molluscum bodies)

Question 10

clinical manifestations of Molluscum contagiousum

Answer 10

painless, small pink papules with a central depression

Question 11

treatment of Molluscum contagiousum

Answer 11

self-limiting
can be treated by cryotherapy and curettage

Question 12

General characteristics of Herpes Simplex virus type 1

Answer 12

known to be above the waist
enveloped dsDNA
Ab increases with age and decreases with socioeconomic status

Question 13

where is HSV-1 latent in?

Answer 13

trigeminal and sacral ganglion

Question 14

clinical manifestations of HSV

Answer 14

Painful blisters that when broken become painful ulcers
others:
- Dysuria
- enlarged tender lymph nodes in the groin area
- vaginal discharge

Question 15

how to confirm an HSV diagnosis?

Answer 15

take a sample from the base of the vesicle
culture, PCR, and microscopy of fluid

Question 16

what are the microscopic findings in HSV

Answer 16

multinucleated giant cells and inter-nuclear inclusions