Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Week 7 - Clinical Microbiology & Infections 2 > Sexually Transmitted Diseases > Flashcards

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who should consider taking a sexual history/performing sexual health screen from? [9]

A

Anyone presenting with symptoms of:

  1. Vaginitis
  2. Urethritis
  3. Epididymo-orchitis
  4. Pelvic inflammatory disease
  5. Proctitis
  6. Ulcer/lumps on genitals
  7. Possible syphilis (esp. rash (look at hands/feet))
  8. Possible HIV seroconversion
  9. Asymptomatic patients (in certain settings)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the typical presenting symptoms of vaginitis? [3]

A
  1. change in discharge
  2. dysuria
  3. change in menstrual bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the typical presenting symptoms of urethritis? [3]

A
  1. penile discharge
  2. dysuria
  3. meatal discomfort
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the typical presenting symptoms of epididymo-orchitis? [2]

A

painful, swollen testicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the typical presenting symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease? [4]

A
  1. pelvic pain
  2. fever
  3. change in discharge
  4. dyspareunia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the typical presenting symptoms of proctitis? [3]

A
  1. rectal discharge
  2. rectal pain
  3. rectal bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the standard “sexual health screen”? [3]

A
  1. Chlamydia and gonorrhoea (NAAT test)
  2. Syphilis and HIV (blood test - big EDTA bottle)
  3. Note: screen may be altered based on symptoms, risk, gender non-congruence etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who is at higher risk of gonorrhoea (in terms of epidemiology)? [3]

A
  1. Men who have sex with men (MSM)
  2. Afro-Caribbean
  3. Urban areas with deprivation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the microbiological cause of gonorrhoea, what body parts does it infect and how does it spread within the body? [3]

A
  1. Bacterial → gram negative diplococcus N. gonnorhoeae
  2. Infects mucous membranes of urethra, endocervix, rectum, pharynx and conjunctiva
  3. Inoculation through secretions from one mucous membrane to another
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the typical signs & symptoms of gonorrhoea under the following headings…? [11]

  1. male urethra [2]
  2. women endocervix/urethra [4]
  3. pharynx [1]
  4. rectum [1]
  5. anus [3]
A
  1. Male urethra >90% symptomatic
    • Urethral discharge
    • Dysuria
    • 2-5 days after exposure
  2. Women (endocervix/urethra)
    • 50% asymptomatic
    • Change in discharge
    • Abdominal/pelvic pain
    • Dysuria
    • Altered bleeding is rare
  3. Pharynx
    • Usually asymptomatic
  4. Rectum
    • Usually asymptomatic
  5. Anal discharge, pain or discomfort
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What investigations are used to diagnose gonorrhoea? [3]

A
  1. NAAT testing (main investigation used)
    • Male → urine
    • Female → self-taken vaginal swab
    • High sensitivity & specificity
  2. Other investigations that can be done (but not usually)
    • Urethral sample microscopy
      • Gram negative diplococci seen
    • Culture plate
      • To test drug resistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you treat gonorrhoea? [2]

A
  1. Ceftriaxone lg 1M stat
  2. (or ciprofloxacin if sensitive)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the potential complications of gonorrhoea? [5]

A
  1. Epididymo-orchitis
  2. Prostatitis
  3. Pelvic Inflammatory disease
  4. Disseminated gonococcal infection
    • Rare in UK
    • Usually affects skin and joints
  5. Resistance
    • 48.6% resistant to at least 1 antibiotic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is chlamydia? [1]

A

most common bacterial STI in UK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the risk factors for chlamydia? [3]

A
  1. <25yo
  2. New sexual partner or >1 partner in 12/12
  3. Inconsistent condom use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the typical signs & symptoms of chlamydia under the following headings? [14]

  1. male urethra [4]
  2. women [6]
  3. pharynx [1]
  4. rectum [3]
A
  1. Male urethra
    • Majority asymptomatic
    • Discharge
    • Dysuria
    • Meatal discomfort (urethral dysfunction)
  2. Women
    • Most asymptomatic
    • Intermenstrual bleeding
    • Postcoital (PC) bleeding (bleeding after sex)
    • Cervicitis or contact bleeding
    • Change in discharge
    • Pelvic pain
  3. Pharynx
    • Usually asymptomatic
  4. Rectum
    • Usually asymptomatic
    • Can present with proctitis
    • Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) subtype often presents as proctitis
      • Can have lymphadenopathy/ulcer disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What investigations are used to diagnose chlamydia? [1]

A
  1. NAAT testing
    • Same sample as gonorrhoea (urine in males/self-taken vaginal swab in women)
    • Too small for microscopy
18
Q

What is the treatment of chlamydia? [1]

A

doxycycline

19
Q

What are the potential complications of chlamydia? [2]

A
  1. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (in women)
  2. Epididymo-orchitis (in men)
20
Q

What are the symptoms of Mycoplasma Genitalium?

A

Some people get symptoms of urethritis/PID

21
Q

What is the bacterial cause of syphillis? [1]

A

Gram negative spirochete called Treponema pallidum

22
Q

How long does it take for primary syphillis to present? [1]

A

9-90 days

23
Q

What is the typical clinical presentation of primary syphillis? [1]

A

Chancre

24
Q

What is a chancre? [1]

A

a painless ulcer (usually singular), that develops on the genitals

25
Q

How long does it take for secondary syphillis to present? [1]

A

3 months - 2 years

26
Q

What are the common clinical symptoms of secondary syphillis? [5]

A
  1. Usually generalised rash affecting palms and soles
  2. Muco-cutaneous lesions,
  3. Condylomata Iata
  4. Lymphadenopathy
  5. Fever
27
Q

What are the 3 typical clinical presentations of tertiary syphilis? [3]

A
  1. neurosyphilis
  2. cardiovascular syphilis
  3. gummatous syphilis
28
Q

What are the 3 features of cardiovascular syphilis? [3]

A
  1. aortic valve disease
  2. aortic aneurysm
  3. aortitis
29
Q

What is gummatous syphilis and what organs does it usually affect? [5]

A
  1. characterized by granulomatous lesions, called gummas, which are characterized by a centre of necrotic tissue with a rubbery texture.
  2. gummas principally form in the liver, bones, and testes but may affect any organ
30
Q

What is the treatment for syphilis? [1]

A

Benzathine penicillin

31
Q

What is the viral cause of ano-genital warts? [1]

A

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 6 and 11

32
Q

What are the treatment options for ano-genital warts? [3]

A
  1. Cryotherapy
  2. Topical treatments: podophyllotoxin/imiquimod
  3. Surgical excision (rarely required)
33
Q

What test is used to diagnose herpes simplex virus (HSV)? [1]

A

viral PCR swab

34
Q

What are the potential complications of HSV? [5]

A
  1. CNS infection
  2. balanitis
  3. proctitis
  4. urinary retention
  5. If 1st episode in pregnancy: risk of neonatal infection
35
Q

What is balanitis? [1]

A

inflammation of the glans penis and often the foreskin

36
Q

What is the treatment for HSV? [1]

A

Aciclovir

37
Q

What are the symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis in males & females? [9]

A
  • Up to half of male and female cases asymptomatic
  • Females
    1. Vaginal discharge
      • Classic: frothy, yellow
    2. Significant vulval itch
    3. Dysuria
    4. Offensive odour
    5. “Strawberry cervix” in 2%
    6. Urethritis
  • Males
    1. Usually asymptomatic
    2. Urethritis
38
Q

What is the treatment of trichomonas vaginalis? [1]

A

metronidazole

39
Q

What are the typical symptoms of scabies? [2]

A
  1. Itch, especially at night
    • Caused by mite excrement which triggers hypersensitivity reaction
  2. Burrows
    • Classically in web spaces, wrist, elbows, nipples
40
Q

What are the treatment options for scabies and what should you do with your clothes afterwards? [3]

A
  1. Permethrin 5% OR Malathion 0.5%
    • Wash off after 24 hours
  2. Wash contaminated clothes at 50°C
41
Q

How is phthirus pubis transmitted and where is it commonly found? [2]

A
  1. Transmitted by close bodily contact
  2. Live on course body hair (as opposed to head lice)
42
Q

What are the treatment of phthirus pubis?

A
  1. Malathion 0.5% OR
  2. Permethrin 1% cream

Week 7 - Clinical Microbiology & Infections 2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions