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Reproductive > Sexually Transmissible Infections > Flashcards

Sexually Transmissible Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Why was the name change from STD to STI?

A

to recognise that a bing proportion of the pathogens can cause asymptotic chronic infection

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2
Q

what STI can be transmitted via Oral-genital contact?

A 
Chlamydia 
Gonorrhoea
HSV
Syphilis 
HPV
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3
Q

Gram- diplococci that adheres to columnar epithelium?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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4
Q

N. gonorrhoeae causes asymptomatic infections in

A

80% females

10% of males

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5
Q

N. gonorrhoeae in males causes —1— and a diagnosing feature is the presence of —-2—

A

1 Urethritis

2 creamy, painful urethral discharge

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6
Q

what is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?

A

term for inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries as it progresses to scar formation with adhesions to nearby tissues and organs. This can lead to infertility.

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7
Q

what is the causative agent of Neonatal Gonococcal Ophthalmia?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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8
Q

is conjunctivitis common in neonates?

A

yes

need for swab to make sure of pathogen

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9
Q

gonorrhoea is more common in what gender? why?

A

Males

Most males develop symptoms

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10
Q

what agar is used to grow N.g? is it often used?

A

Thayer-Martin Agar
full with antibiotics and some anti fungi to kill normal microbiota
No, but necessary for antibiotic resistance

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11
Q

some of the samples that can be taken for the diagnosis of N.g are?

A 
Cervical Swabs 
Urethral Swabs
Conjunctiva Swabs
First Void Urine
Blood
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12
Q

what is the first line of treatment against N.g?

A

Ceftriaxone

Azithromycin

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13
Q

why are Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin given together?

A

synergistic mechanism of action
Cef–> block synthesis of wall
Azi–> blocks protein synthesis, great for Chlamydia

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14
Q

normally there is co-infection of another pathogen with N.g

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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15
Q

Gram staining of Chlamydia?

A

Gram - Bacteria Cocobacili

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16
Q

Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular parasite?

A

T

17
Q

what serovar of chlamydia causes genital infection? and eye infection?

A

DK genital

Ac ocular

18
Q

what is the most common STI?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis (2-20%)

19
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis causes?

A

Urethritis (clear discharge)

Cervicitis, endometritis, urethritis

20
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis is asymptomatic in ?

A

50% of males

21
Q

what can neonatal chlamydia cause?

A

Only 50% transmission
Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
Slow onset pneumonia (weeks)

22
Q

treatment for chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

Test of cure needed

23
Q

what STIs need to be notified?

A

Chlamydia

24
Q

what are the 2 main forms present in the life cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis?

A 
Elementary Bodies (infectious, non-replicating)
Reticulate Bodies (replicating)
25
Q

what is the main cause of a frothy, free-yellow vaginal discharge with very bad smell?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

26
Q

what are some characteristics of Trichomonas vaginalis ?

A

parasite, flagellated protozoon

27
Q

infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, mycoplasma genitalium predisposes one to get infected with?

A

HIV

28
Q

method for the identification of Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

PCR - urine

High Vaginal Swab and wet mount paramount (not seen in gram)

29
Q

what is the treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Metrodinazoles

Tinidazole

30
Q

Treponema pallidum is the causative agent for?

A

Syphilis

31
Q

what are the 3 main syphilis stages?

A

Primary –> chancre
Secondary –> rash, alopecia
Latency
Tertiary –> gummas and neurosyphilis

32
Q

what are the main ways of diagnosing syphilis?

A

Microscopy

Serology (non-treponemal tests, treponemal test)

33
Q

what are some non-treponemal tests?

A

RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin)
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL)
they test for the antibodies against syphilis by checking their cross-reaction against a non-syphilis antigen such as cows cardiolipin (can give false negatives)

34
Q

what are some treponemal tests?

A 
Enzyme Immuno-Essay
Agglutination essays (TPHA, Fluorescent Treponemal Antibodies)
35
Q

one example of a new arising STI?

A

mycoplasma genitalium

36
Q

some characteristics of mycoplasma genitalium are?

A

no cell wall and difficult to culture

intracellular

37
Q

main form for the diagnosis of mycoplasma genitalium ?

A

nucleic acid detection

38
Q

treatment of mycoplasma genitalium

A

azithromycin

Reproductive (7 decks)

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