Sexuality, public health and ethics Flashcards
What is sexuality
A central aspect of being human throughout life encompasses sex gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy, and reproduction
What is sexual health
A state of physical emotional mental and social well-being and relation to sexuality
it is not merely the absence of disease dysfunction or infirmity.
Sexual rights on the WHOs list
The right to the quality and nondiscrimination
to be free from torture or to cruel & in humane or degrading treatment punishment
to privacy to be high health and social security
to marry and found a family and to enter marriage with the free and for consent of the intending spouses and to equality in and at the dissolution of marriage
To decide the number and spacing of one’s children
information as well as education
Freedom of expression and opinion
What is public health ethics
Focuses on design and implementation of measures to monitor and improve the health of populations
What is bioethics
Ethics as it is applied to medicine and health care
Examples of bio ethics
Rights to die
rights to health
abortion
Genomics
What is paternalism
Relationship between individual and autonomy and government actions to protect the community of population as a whole
Where governments know what is best for individuals
Types of paternalism
Soft paternalism includes passive techniques e.g. health promotion campaigns to eat fruit and vegetables
Maternalistic: change behaviour by a guilty conscious e.g. parents and their child’s health
hard: use of regulation all legislation
What is neoliberalism
Accepts some paternalistic actions with reluctance as they of tresspass on individual autonomy
Emphasis on individual responsibility for income, security and health
Perceived influence of factors beyond an individuals control is minimised
minimal interference from the state in individual matters
Harm principle
A citizen has the right to freedom as long as the actions do not harm another person then that right is lost
The precautionary principle
It is better to be safe than sorry
Distributive justice
Concept/framework in which fairness is prioritised in the distribution of benefits and burdens
Rawl’s theory of justice as fairness
Reaction to utilitarianism
And individuals moral judgement depends on moral deliberation as well as non-moral
such as position in society gender race educational attainment and personal experience
What did Rawl suggest to achieve a society where the effect of social determinants are minimised
Schools to minimise differences in quality education between children
use system of taxation and wealth to transfer and redistribute economic resources
structural conditions e.g. Embed economic institutions in a legal and political framework
Free riding
Those who benefit from resources, goods, or services do not pay for them which results in either an under provision of those goods or services, or in an overuse or degradation of the resource.
people may reduce the contributions of performance if they believe that others in the group my free ride e.g. trusting others will vaccinate and donate organs
