Sexuality et. Reproductive Disorders

Question 0

erection

Answer 0

parasympathetic nerves release neurotransmitters that cause the arterial walls of the corpus cavernosa to relex and allow high pressure arterial blood to enter the cavity

Question 1

Spermatogenesis

Answer 1

sperm are produced in seminiferous tubules of the testes

Question 2

emission and ejaculation

Answer 2

sympathetic nerve stimulation causes vas deferens and prostate to contract causing sperm to fill urethra. This excites nerves in the sacral region and initiates the muscular contraction (ejaculation)

Question 3

Luteinizing hormone

Answer 3

stimulates leydig cellls to produce testosterone

Question 4

Follicle stimulatiing hormone

Answer 4

stimulates steroli cells to mature sperm

Question 5

Semen Analysis

Answer 5

20-120 million sperm per cc.alkaline. no SA for 2-3 days prior.analyzes sperm count and motility. done after vasectomy

Question 6

Prostatic specific antigen (PSA)

Answer 6

screening test for prostate cancer.elevated if elevated volume of prostate tissue

Question 7

epididymitis

Answer 7

causes: urinary reflux, trauma, infection
sx: pain, scrotal swelling, fever, chills, n/v
tx: BR, ice, sitz bath, ABx, analgesics, anti-inflammatory, scrotal support

Question 8

Orchitis

Answer 8

Causes: trauma, infections- TB, mumps, syphilis, pneumonia
Sx: fever, swelling, tenderness of affected testicle
Tx: analgesics, antipyretics, BR, scrotal support, local heat

Question 9

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

Answer 9

non cancerous enlargement of prostate gland. Irritative or obstructive

Question 10

Testicular Torsion

Answer 10

Spermatic cord becomes twisted cutting off blood supply.
Sx: sudden onset of acute pain with scrotal swelling
Tx: Surgical intervention to untwist and suture testicle to scrotum in 6-12 hr-if not, gangrene may occur

Question 11

Hydrocele

Answer 11

collection of clear yellow fluid along spermatic cord b/w the membrane covering the tests.
-mass that is uncomfortable
Tx: aspiration

Question 12

varicocele

Answer 12

enlargement of scrotal venous system
-varicosities of veins which supple testes and scrotum (bag of worms in testicle)
-90% on left side
Tx: support or surgery if fertility affected

Question 13

Priapism

Answer 13

prolonged penile erection not r/t sexual desire..(Viagra)

Question 14

Phimosis

Answer 14

Narrowing of opening of foreskin

Question 15

Vasectomy

Answer 15

removal of portion of vas deferens

-usually done after 15 ejaculations

Question 16

Menstruation Cycle

Answer 16

maturation of follicle w/ release of ovum in response to FSH et. lutenizing hormone from anterior pituitary. maturing follicle produces estrogen et. corpus luteum (formed by ruptured follicle) produces progesterone (these hormones prepare uterine lining for implantation) Ovum usually implants (pregnant) or degenerates which causes hormone to drop et shedding of endometrial lining (menstruation)
-O

Question 17

Cervical Biopsy

Answer 17

cervix is painted with iodine solution. abnormal area will not stain brown (lack of glycogen)

Question 18

Dilation and curettage (D&C)

Answer 18

often done after incomplete abortion

-used to dx cancer et abd bleeding

Question 19

Laparoscopy

Answer 19

surgical procedure under anesthesia to visualize organs and perform minor surgeries (tubal ligation)

• RT SHOULDER PAIN D/T CO2 IN ABD. gas will eventually be absorbed
• pain et temp common

Question 20

Colposcopy

Answer 20

norm vaginal exam

-knee chest position

Question 21

culdoscopy

Answer 21

instrument goes in vag through cervix through sm incision

Question 22

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Answer 22

staph infection r/t tampon use

sx:sudden high fever, flulike sx, rash resembles sunburn, skin peels on palms and soles 1-2 wks later

Question 23

Climacteric (menopause)

Answer 23

over 12 mo period

• risk for osteoporosis, arteriosclerosis, elevated cholesterol
• preg can occur- use bc until 12 mo after LMP

Question 24

atrophic vaginitis

Answer 24

-s/s of menopause
dryness
shortening of vagina
painful intercouse (dyspaneunia)

Question 25

Vulvitis et Vaginitis

Answer 25

causes: ABx, atrophic vaginitis, decreased pH, skin reaction
- Candida albicans is most common cause (antifungal agents)
- tichamonas-STD- thin, foul smelling, foamy yellow discharge (flagyl)

Question 26

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Answer 26

inflammatory condition of pelvis which may affect any structure within pelvis and peritoneal cavity
-major cause of ectopic pregnancy et infertility
-Sx: n/v, lower abd pain et tenderness, dysuria, fever chills, dyspareunia, foul smelling purulent discharge
Tx:ABx, increased fluids, heat, analgesics

Question 27

Endometriosis

Answer 27

called chocolate cyst is ovaries involved
- endometrial cells can be deposited into pelvic cavity during menstruation
-will proliferate in response to hormones and bleed if fertilization does not occur
Sx:dysmenorrhea, low back pain, abd pain/pressure, chocolate cyst (appendicitis sx)

Question 28

Cervical Cancer

Answer 28

DES used for n/v by mothers increases risk

-postcoital spotting-later sx- unexplained discharge and spotting b/w periods

Question 29

Ovarian Cancer

Answer 29

highest mortality rate b/c asymptomatic
sx:don’t develop until advances. then sx are vague ( abd discomfort and digestive complaints) ascites ( fluid build up in abd cavity)

Question 30

Breast Cancer

Answer 30

aspiration or biopsy done

• later sx- orange peel skin, nipple retraction, dimpling of skin
  tx: chemo, radiation, mastectomy (simple, radical, modified radical), hormonal therapy)
• DES suppresses release of FSH & LH for estrogen receptor in post menopausal women

Question 31

Paget’s Disease

Answer 31

rare cancer of nipple and areola

nipple becomes granular and crusted resembling eczema