Sexuality and Gender Flashcards
Define Sex
Biological indicators of male/female vs sexuality
Define Gender
Publicly lived role, and internally-recognised self, as girl or boy, woman or man, non-binary, fluid, or intersex+.
Define gender identity
one aspect of social identity.
Define Gender role/expression
Chosen appearance and behavior to represent gender identity.
Define Cisgender
Gender identity which is congruent with sex assigned at birth.
Define Transgender/gender diverse
Transient or persistent identification with a gender that is different from assigned gender/natal gender.
Define Nonbinary
Gender identity lies outside of the gender binary of male and female
Define Gender assignment
: Initial assignment as male or female (or intersex), usually at birth a.k.a. “natal gender”.
Define gender atypical
Biological structures or behaviours that are less commonly seen (statistically) in individuals with the same assigned gender, in the same society, in the same historical period.
Define Transsexual
An individual who would like to, or who has already, transitioned from one gender to another – socially and/or biologically.
Define Intersex
Used informally in medicine to apply to individuals with significantly atypical congenital variations of the reproductive tract.
Define Cross-sex hormone treatment
The use of feminizing hormones in an individual assigned male at birth, or the use of masculinizing hormones in an individual assigned female at birth.
Define disorders of sexual developmental (DSD)
Congenital differences in the formation of the reproductive system which often make it difficult to classify a person (usually a neonate) as binary male or female
Define gender reassignement
An official (and often legal) change of gender.
Define AMAB
Assigned male at birth
Define AFAB
Assigned female at birth
Define gender dysphoria
“Refers to the distress that may accompany the incongruence between one’s experienced or expressed gender and one’s assigned gender”
6 months duration.
Define gender identity disorder
The DSM IV version (diagnosis) of what is now referred to as gender dysphoria.
Define gender incongruence (of adolescence and adulthood/of childhood)
The ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines.
Define gender affirming health care
Psychological, social, behavioural and/or medical interventions aimed at affirming an individual’s gender identity
Gender Dysphoria: Prevalence
Natal adult males - 0.005% to 0.014%.
Natal adult females - 0.002% to 0.003%.
Rates are likely modest underestimates.
Rates of persistence of gender dysphoria from childhood into adolescence or adulthood:
AMABs - 2.2% to 30%
AFABs - 12% to 50%
Gender Dysphoria: Development and course
Gender-specific behaviours generally appear at around 2-4 years of age – both typical and atypical.
May occur in toddlers or later e.g., on entry to primary school.
As puberty is approached, discontentment with genitalia becomes more prominent.
Gender Dysphoria: Contributing factors
Genetics – weak effect
Endocrine – possible mild ↑ androgens in 46, XX with CAH (DSD) and without DSD as well as in 46, XY with DSD e.g., 5-alpha reductase-2 deficiency.
Gender-identity cannot be predicted
Gender Dysphoria: increased risk of mental health conditions
Strong association between ASD and GD.
Suicidality.
Depression and anxiety.
Substance-use disorder.
School-refusal.
Relationship and sexual health issues.
Stigma, discrimination.
Gender Dysphoria: Differential Diagnosis
Nonconformity to gender roles.
Transvestic disorder
Body dysmorphic disorder.
Psychotic disorders.
Other clinical presentations
Normal sexuality
Influenced by anatomy, physiology, culture, interpersonal relationships and developmental experiences.
Healthy sexuality is an important source of intimacy, love and fulfilment for many people.
Not all pleasure-seeking behaviours are sexual.
Not all sexual behaviours are about sex.
Psychosexual factors
Sexual identity.
Gender identity.
Sexual orientation.
Sexual behavior.
Define Sexual dysfunction
characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in a person’s ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure
Paraphilic disorders
a deviation from normal sexual activity that causes distress or impairment to the individual, harm to the individual, harm to the individual and partner, or harm to the community.
