Sexual Reproduction in Humans - finished

Question 1

What are the testes?

Answer 1

Site of sperm rouction inside SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

Site of testosterone production

Question 2

What is the scrotum?

Answer 2

Sac like pouch that holds the testes outside the body so that it is at optimal temperature for sperm production

Question 3

What is the epididymis?

Answer 3

Tube like structures alongside the testes

Site of sperm maturation

Question 4

What is the fuction of the Vas deferens?

Answer 4

transport sperm

Peristaltic movements to move sperm from the epididymis upto the seminal vesicle and prostate gland/ top of the urethra

Question 5

What is the function of the seminal vesicle?

Answer 5

Add fluid -> slightly alkaline (to neutralise acidity in the vagina)
Add fructose (Source of energy for sperm)

Question 6

What is the function of the prostate gland?

Answer 6

Adds more fluid to the semen

Question 7

What is the function of the penis?

Answer 7

Intromitent organ -> inserted into the female vagina to deliver the sperm/semen
urination

Question 8

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 8

Allows sperm/urine to leave the body

Question 9

What is the function of the ovary?

Answer 9

site of production of female gametes

Site of female sex hormone production

Question 10

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 10

Allow passage of the “egg”/gamete (peristaltic movements/cilia)
Site of fertilisation

Question 11

What is the function of the uterus?

Answer 11

Site of development of the foetus.

Question 12

What is the function of the Endometrium?

Answer 12

Starts as a single layer of cells -> becomes thinker and vascularised (blood vessels) also becomes glandular (secretes hormones)
Layers lost in menstruation

Question 13

What is the fuction of the Vagina?

Answer 13

Muscular tube into which the males penis is inserted during copulation/intercourse
Tube along which the baby is pushed during birth

Question 14

What is the process of Spermatogenesis?

Answer 14

The production of sperm

Question 15

What is the process of oogenesis?

Answer 15

The production of female gametes

Question 16

Where does Spermatogenesis take place?

Answer 16

The seminiferous tubules of the testis

Question 17

How long does the process of spermatogenesis take?

Answer 17

75 days

Question 18

What cell is used in the production of sperm?

Answer 18

Sertoli Cell

Question 19

How many stages are there in Spermatogenesis?

Answer 19

Germinal epithelium
(mitosis)
Spermatigonium
(mitosis)
Primary Spermatocyte
(meiosis 1)
Secondary Spermatocyte
(meiosis 2)
Spermatid
(loose cytoplasm and grow tail)
Spermatozoa

Question 20

Why do sperm need Mitochondia?

Answer 20

To provide ATP for movement

Question 21

What is in the acrosome in the head of the sperm?

Answer 21

hydrolitic enzyme - used to digest a way for the sperm through the egg

Question 22

What is the sperms tail called?

Answer 22

Flagellum

Question 23

What happens during Oogenisis?

Answer 23

When the female is still a foetus: the oogonia undergoes mitosis to become primary oocytes. The primary oocyte undergoes meiosis 1 but stops at prophase 1. During Birth and Childhood nothing happens but once the female enters puberty ONe primary oocyte continues its development once a month. The primary oocyte finishes meiosis 1 and leaves the ovary during ovulation. If there is no sperm present, nothing happens (no secondary division) if there is sperm present Meiosis 2 occurs and an ovum (female gamete) is formed.

Question 24

Where does the sperm meet the secondary oocyte?

Answer 24

Fallopian tube

Question 25

How many layers are there in a secondary oocyte

Answer 25

Corona Radiata (Cells)
Zona Pellucida (Glycoprotein)
Vitelline Mebrane
Secondary Oocyte

Question 26

What happens in an acrosome reaction?

Answer 26

Hydrolytic enzymes are released from the sperms head and they digest a pathway through the corona Radiata and the Zona Pellucida to the Secondary Oocyte

Question 27

How many sperm make it through to the secondary oocyte?

Answer 27

1

Question 28

What happens after the makes it to the secondary oocyte?

Answer 28

changes occur the othe cell membrane of the oocyte to prevent the entry of any more sperm
THe entry of the head into the oocyte triggers Meiosis 2 which forms an ovum 9female gamete) and 2nd polar body

Question 29

What is fertilization?

Answer 29

The fusing of the Male and Female gametes

Question 30

What does fertilization form?

Answer 30

A zygote

Question 31

What happens to the zygote?

Answer 31

The zygote divides by cleavage (no increase in size) and travels down the fallopiaan tubes untill it forms a hollow balls of cells called a blastocyst.

Question 32

What does a Blastocyst do?

Answer 32

Givs of hormones which maintain the corpus luteum

Embeds into the endometrium by IMPLANTATION and them forms a foetus.

Question 33

What does the corpus luteum do?

Answer 33

Produces the hormone Human Chorionic Gonadrophin (HCG) which maintains the endometrium (no periods) and it is also the hormone that pregnancy tests look for.

Question 34

What do pregnancy tests do?

Answer 34

Use monoconal antibodies to test for HCG

Question 35

What happens to the endometrium when the blastocyst becomes embedded?

Answer 35

It becomes thicker and develops blood vessels which provide nutrients to the baby

Question 36

What is the most common cause of infertility?

Answer 36

Blocked fallopian tubes

Question 37

How can people get round the problem of Blocked Fallopian tubes?

Answer 37

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) - Fertilization takes place outsize the females body in a petri dish
Then is placed in the uterus in the blastocyst stage.