sexual reproduction in flowering plants.

Question 1

Female reproductive part of the flower ?

Answer 1

Gynoecium

Question 2

Female reproductive part of the flower ?

Answer 2

Gynoecium

Question 3

Single pistil - __________
More than one pistil - _________
More than one pistil that are fused -________
Pistils that are free-_______

Answer 3

1. Monocarpellary
2. Multicarpellary
3. Syncarpous
4. Apocarpous

Question 4

________ are morphological and embryological marvels and are the sites of ______ reproduction.

Answer 4

Flowers , sexual

Question 5

Several ______ and ______ changes are initiated which lead to the differentiation and further development of the _______ ______

Answer 5

Hormonal , structural, floral primordium

Question 6

_____ are formed which bear the floral bud and then the flowers .

Answer 6

Inflorescence

Question 7

Two parts of stamen

Answer 7

Anther and filament

Question 8

Stamen has a long slender stalk called _____ and terminal generally ___ lobed structure called ____

Answer 8

Filament , bi , anther

Question 9

1. The proximal end of the filament is attached to ____ or ____
2. A typical angiospermic anther is bilobed , each lobe having ___ Theca.
3. They are _______. ( based on having two thecas)
4. Often a longitudinal groove runs lengthwise separating the _____.

Answer 9

1. Thalamus or petal
2. 2
3. Dithecous
4. Theca

Question 10

1. Anther is a four sided structure (_______) consisting of _____ microsporangia located at the ______ , _____ in each lobe .

Answer 10

Tetragonal , 4 , corners , 2

Question 11

The microsporangia develop further and become _______.
They extend _________ all through the length of an anther and are packed with ________.

Answer 11

Pollen sacs , longitudinally , pollen grains

Question 12

A typical microsporangium appears______ in structure .
It is surrounded by ____ wall layers .
Name of the layers -

Answer 12

Circular
4
1. Epidermis
2. Endothecium
3. Middle layer
4. Tapetum

Question 13

1. Epidermis , endothecium and middle layer perform the function of ______ and ______.
2. The innermost wall layer is called ____
3. Function of tapetum .
4. Cells of the tapetum posses dense ______ and generally have more than ______ nucleus .

Answer 13

1. Protection and dehiscence of anther
2. Tapetum
3. Nourishes the developing pollen grains .
4. Cytoplasm , more than one .

Question 14

1. Epidermis , endothecium and middle layer perform the function of ______ and ______.
2. The innermost wall layer is called ____
3. Function of tapetum .
4. Cells of the tapetum posses dense ______ and generally have more than ______ nucleus .

Answer 14

1. Protection and dehiscence of anther
2. Tapetum
3. Nourishes the developing pollen grains .
4. Cytoplasm , more than one .

Question 15

When the anther is young , a group of compactly arranged ________ cells called the ___________ occupies the centre of each _________.

Answer 15

Homogeneous, sporogenous tissue , microsporangium .

Question 16

As the anther develops, the cells of Sporogenous tissue undergoes ________ divisions to form _________.

Answer 16

Meiotic divisions , microspore tetrads .

Question 17

True or false
1. Each cell of sporogenous tissue is capable of giving rise to a microspore tetrad .

Answer 17

True

Question 18

1.Each one of the cells of microspore tetrad is a potential pollen or ________ \ ______
2. MMC is also called as ______

Answer 18

MMC\PMC
Potential pollen

Question 19

1.The process of formation of microspores from pollen mother cell through meiosis is called _______.
2. The microspores as they are formed are arranged in _____ of ____ cells called as _______.

Answer 19

Microsporogenesis
Cluster of cells , microspore tetrads

Question 20

True or false
1. As the anthers mature and hydrate , the microspores dissociate from each other and develop into pollen grains .

Answer 20

False , dehydrate

Question 21

1. Pollen grains are released with ______ of anther .
2. The pollen grain represents the ______ _____.
3. Pollen grains are generally _____. ( shape ) .
4. Pollen grains measure about ___ to ___ mm in diameter .

Answer 21

1. Dehiscence
2. Male gametophyte
   3: spherical
3. 25-50

Question 22

1. Pollen grains are released with ______ of anther .
2. The pollen grain represents the ______ _____.
3. Pollen grains are generally _____. ( shape ) .
4. Pollen grains measure about ___ to ___ mm in diameter .

Answer 22

1. Dehiscence
2. Male gametophyte
   3: spherical
3. 25-50

Question 23

1. Pollen grain has ____ layered wall .
2. Hard , outer layer is called ___ made up of ____.
3. One of the most resistant organic material known -
4. It can withstand high ____ and ____.
5. T/F - no enzyme that degrades sporopollenin is known .

Answer 23

1. Double
2. Exine , sporopollenin
3. Sporopollenin
4. Temperature and alkali
5. T

Question 24

Pollen grain exine have prominent apertures called ____ where sporopollenin is absent .
2. Pollen grains are well preserved as fossils because of presence of ______.

Answer 24

Germpores
Sporopollenin

Question 25

1. The _____ exhibits fascinating array of patterns and designs. 2. The inner wall of pollen grain is called _____ and is made up of ________ and _______. 3. hard and discontinous layer ______ 4. thin and continous layer ______.

Answer 25

1. exine 2. intine , cellulose and pectin 3. exine 4. intine

Question 26

1. the cytoplasm of the pollen grain is surrounded by _____. 2. when the pollen grain is mature , it contains ____ cells. name of the cells . 3. the ____ cell is bigger and have abundant ____ reserve and a large ____ shaped nucleus.

Answer 26

1. plasmamembrane 2. 2, vegetative cell and generative cell . 3. vegetative , food , irrerularly

Question 27

1.the ____ cell is small and floats in the cytoplasm of ____ cell. 2. generative cell is ____ shaped and have dense ____ and a _____.

Answer 27

1. generative , vegetative 2. spindle , cytoplasm , nucleus

Question 28

1. in over _____% of angiosperms , pollen grains are shed at this 2 celled stage . 2. in 40% of angiosperms , the ____ cell divides ______to give rise to two _____ ______ and then this pollen grain is shed at 3 celled stage .

Answer 28

1. 60 2. generative , mitotically , male gametes

Question 29

Pollen grains of many species cause severe _______ and _________ in some people often leading to chronic respiratory disorders _______ ,________ etc .

Answer 29

1. Allergies , bronchial afflictions , asthma bronchitis

Question 30

1. ________ or carrot grass that came into India as a contaminant with imported _________ has become ubiquitous in occurrence and causes_______ ______ .

Answer 30

Parthenium , wheat , pollen allergy

Question 31

1. Pollen grains are rich in ________. 2. It has become a fashion in recent years to use _________ as food supplements. 3. In western countries large number of pollen products in the form of _____ and _____ are available in the market.

Answer 31

1. Nutrients 2. Pollen tablets 3. Tablets and syrups

Question 32

Pollen consumption has been claimed to increase the performance of ________ and __________.

Answer 32

Athletes and race horses.

Question 33

1. pollen grains have to land on the ______ before they lose viability if they have to bring about __________. 2. The period for which pollen grains remain viable is highly _______ and to some extent depends on the prevailing ______ and _______.

Answer 33

1. Stigma , fertilisation 2. Variable , temperature and humidity

Question 34

1. In some cereals such as ______ and ______, pollen grains lose viability within ________ of their release. 2. some members of ________ , __________ , _________ maintain viability for_________.

Answer 34

1. Wheat and rice , 30 minutes 2. Leguminosae , solanaceae , rosaceae , upto months

Question 35

1. pollen grains of a large number of species are stored for years in ____________ ( temperature) . 2. Such stored pollen can be used for _________ similar to seed banks, in ___________ programmes .

Answer 35

1. Liquid nitrogen , -196 C 2. Pollen banks , crop breeding programs

Question 36

1. Each pistil has ______ parts . 2. the ______ , ______ and ________ 3. The _______ serves as a landing platform for polien grains. 4. The ______ is the elongated slender part beneath the stigma . 5. The basal bulged part of the pistil is the _________.

Answer 36

1. Three 2. Stigma , style , ovary 3. Stigma 4. Style 5. Ovary

Question 37

1. Inside the ovary is the ___________ . 2. The _________ is located inside the ovarian cavity. 3. Ovarian cavity is also called as _____.

Answer 37

1. Ovarian cavity 2. Placenta 3. Locule

Question 38

1. Arising from the placenta are the______________, commonly called ovules. 2. The number of ovules in an ovary may be one ( examples ) to many ( examples).

Answer 38

1.Megasporangia 2. Wheat , paddy , mango Watermelon , papaya , orchid

Question 39

1. The ______ is a small structure attached to the placenta by means of a stalk called ______. 2. The body of the ovule fuses with funicle in the region called _______ . 3. hilum represents the junction between _______ and _______ . 4. Each ovule has one or two protective envelopes called __________. 5. Integuments encircle the ________ except at the tip where a small opening called the _________ is organised . 6. Opposite the micropylar end, is the ___________ representing the _____ part of the ovule .

Answer 39

1. Ovule , funicle 2. Hilum 3. Ovule and funicle 4. Integuments 5. Nucellus , micropyle 6. Chalazal end , basal

Question 40

1. Enclosed within the integuments is a mass of cells called the _______. 2. Cells of the nucellus have abundant reserve ___________ 3. Located in the nucellus is the_________or female gametophyte. 4. An ovule generally has a ______ embryo sac formed from a megaspore .

Answer 40

1. Nucellus 2. Food material 3. Ovule 4. Single

Question 41

1. The process of formation of megaspores from the megapore mother cell is called____________ 2. Ovules generally differentiate à single ______________in the micropylar region of the nucellus.

Answer 41

1. Megasporogenesis 2. Megaspore

Question 42

Ovule is also called as ______.

Answer 42

Megasporangium

Question 43

Arrangement of megaspore is linear or tetrad ?

Answer 43

Linear

Question 44

1. The MMC undergoes_______ division. 2. Meiosis results in the production of ________Megaspore. 3. In majority of flowering plants, only ______megaspore is functional while the other three _________.

Answer 44

1. Meiotic 2. Four 3. One , degenerate

Question 45

1. Only the ___________ develops into the female gametophyte (embryo sac). 2.This method of embryo sac formation from a single megaspore is termed as ___________development.

Answer 45

1. Functional megaspore . 2. Monosporic

Question 46

1.Embryo sac is also called as ______. 2. Ploidy of the cells of nucellus ?

Answer 46

1. Female gamete 2. 2n

Question 47

1.The nucleus of the functional megapore divides ________ to form______ nuclei which move to the opposite poles, forming the ______________. 2. ______ ( number ) more sequential ( mitosis / meiosis ) ______ nuclear divisions result in the formation of the ____nucleate and later the ____nucleate stages of the embryo sac.

Answer 47

1.mitotically , 2 , 2 nucleate embryosac 2. 2 , mitotic , 4 , 8

Question 48

1. interest to note that these mitotic divisions are strictly __________, that is, nuclear divisions are not followed immediately by _______ formation. 2. After the ____nucleate stage, _____are laid down leading to the organisation of the typical female gametophyte or embryo sac.

Answer 48

1. Free nuclear , cell wall . 2. 8 , cell walls .

Question 49

1. _____of the eight nuclei are surrounded by cell walls and organised into cells. 2.The remaining two nuclei, called _______ are situated below the ______ in the large _____ cell. 3. There is a characteristic distribution of the cells within the _______ 4. Three cells are grouped together at the micropylar end and constitute the ________. 5.The egg apparatus, in turn , consists of two ______ and one ______.

Answer 49

1. Six 2. Polar nuclei , egg apparatus , central 3. Embryosac 4. Egg apparatus 5.synergids , egg cell

Question 50

1. The _______ have special cellular thickenings at the micropylar tip called ___________which play an important role in guiding the _________ into the _______. 2. Three cells are at the chalazal end are called the _________.

Answer 50

1. Synergids , filiform apparatus , pollen tube , synergids. 2. Antipodal cells

Question 51

1. The large central cell has _____ polar nuclei, 2. Thus, a typical angiosperm embryo sac, at maturity is ____ celled and ____ nucleate .

Answer 51

1. 2 2. 7 celled , 8 nucleated .

Question 52

1. Male gamete - 2. Female gamete - 3. Both the gametes are motile or non motile ?

Answer 52

1. Pollen grain 2. Embryo sac

Question 53

1. Transfer of pollen grains (shed from the anther) to the stigma of a pistil is termed as __________. 2. Depending on the source of __________ , pollination can be divided into _____ types.

Answer 53

1. Pollination . 2. Pollen , 3

Question 54

1. In this type, pollination is achieved within the ________flower. ( autogamy ) 2. Transfer of pollen grains from the ______ to the _____ of the same flower. 3. In a normal flower which opens and exposes the anthers and the stigma, complete autogamy is rather _______. 4.Autogamy in such flowers requires synchrony in ______ release and _______ receptivity .

Answer 54

1. Same . 2. Anther , stigma 3. Rare . 4. Pollen , stigma .

Question 55

Some plants such as _______ , _________ and _______ produce ______ types of flowers . ( name or the flowers )

Answer 55

Viola , oxalis, commelina … 2 Chasmogamous and cleistogamous

Question 56

1. Similar flowers of other species with exposed anther and filament is a _______ type of flower . 2. _______ flowers do not open at all . 3. In such flowers the anther and stigma lie _____ to each other .

Answer 56

1. Chasmogamous 2. Cleistogamous 3. Close

Question 57

1. ________ flowers are invariably Autogamous as there is no chance of cross pollination.

Answer 57

1. Cleistogamous

Question 58

Cleistogamous flowers produce assured _________ even in the absence of ________.

Answer 58

1. Seed set , pollinating agent

Question 59

Common name of viola

Answer 59

Common pansy

Question 60

Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of another flower of the same plant is called ______.

Answer 60

1. Geitonogamy

Question 61

1. Geitonogamy is functionally ___________ involving pollinating agent . 2. Genetically it is similar to ______ since the pollen grains come from the same plant .

Answer 61

1. Cross pollination 2. Autogamy

Question 62

Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of different plant is called _________.

Answer 62

Xenogamy

Question 63

Type of pollination which brings genetically different types of pollen grains to the stigma ?

Answer 63

Xenogamy