Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Botany > Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants > Flashcards

Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants Flashcards

1
Q

Sexually reproduced plants are genetically

A

Dissimilar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Non essential whorls are

A

Calyx and corolla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Essential whorls are

A

Androcium and gynocium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

________are sites of sexual reproduction.

A

Flowers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Flowers are _____________&_____________marvels.

A

Morphological and embryological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Androcium consists of whorl of

A

Stamens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Long and slender parts of stamen is

A

Filament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anther is generally

A

Bilobed, tetrasporangiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Proximal end of filament is attached to

A

Thalamus or petals of flowers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of malvaceae family

A

China rose, cotton, lady finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Typical angiosperm anther is generally

A

Dithecous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anther is monothecus and bisporsngiate in

A

Malvaceae family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Four ____________ located at the corners of anther.

A

Microsporangia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Microsporangia develops into

A

Pollen grain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A vasculated , sterile tissue whose longitudinal groove runs lengthwise separating the theca

A

Connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The layer which nourishes the developing pollen grains

A

Tapetum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cells of the tapetum possesses

A

Dense cytoplasm and more than one nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which layer of microsporangium is made of parenchymatous cells?

A

Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which layer of microsporangium is made of alpha cellulosic fibres?

A

Endothecium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The thickening of alpha cellulosic fibres is present in

A

Inner tangential wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Alpha cellulosic fibres are absent in which region?

A

Stomium region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In which layer of microsporangium cells show polyteny?

A

Tapetum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The middle layer has one to 3 layered ________cells

A

Parenchymatous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which layer of microsporangium degenerates at maturity

A

Middle layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Group of compactly arrange homogeneous cells called ______occupies the centre of each microsporangium 

A

sporogenous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cells of sporogenous tissue undergo which division to form microspore tetrads ?

A

Meiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Process of formation of microspore is from a pollen mother cell through meiosis is called

A

MicrosporoGenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which is the most common type of meiotic division in microsporogenesis?

A

Simultaneous type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which is the advanced type of meiosis in microsporogenesis?

A

Successive type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Examples of simultaneous type and successive type, respectively are

A

Dicot and monocot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Tetrahydro arrangement of Microspore tetrad is seen in

A

Simultaneous type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

IsoBilateral arrangement of Microspore tetrad is seen in

A

Successive type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The pollen green represents the

A

Male gametophyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Pollen grains are measured about _____micro metres in diameter

A

25 to 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The pollen grain has prominent two layered 

A

Sporoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The hard outer layer of pollen grain is

A

Exine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Exine is made of

A

Sporopollenin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Pollen grains are well preserved as fossils because of presence of 

A

Sporopollenin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Sporopollenin is one of the most

A

Resistant organic Material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Sporopollenin can withstand

A

High temperatures and strong acids and bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Exine has prominent aperture where Sporopollenin is absent. It is known as?

A

Germ pore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What exhibits a fascinating array of patterns and designs?

A

Exine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Inner wall of pollen grain, which is thin and continuous made up of Cellulose and pectin is

A

Intine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Cytoplasm of pollen grain is surrounded by 

A

Plasma membrane 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

– Cell is bigger and has abundant food reserve and a large irregularly shaped nucleus

A

Vegetative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

– Cell is small and floats in the cytoplasm of other cell and has dense cytoplasm and is spindle shaped

A

Generative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Over 60% of angiosperms shed at

A

2 celled shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

In 40% of angiosperms pollen grains are shed at

A

3 celled stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Examples of pollen grains that cause: allergy are 

A

Parthenium (carrot grass) , Amaranthus , chenopodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Pollen grains are used as food supplements because

A

They are rich in nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Poland consumption has been claimed to increase the performance of –

A

Athletes and race horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What do you mean by Pollen viability?

A

The period for which pollen grain remain viable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Pollen viability depends on what factors?

A

Temperature and humidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is the Pollen viability in cereals, such as rice and wheat? 

A

30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Give some examples of Pollen viability for months

A

Rosaceae leguminoseae and solanaceae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Cryopreservation is done at what temperature and what chemical 

A

liquid nitrogen at -1 96°C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Gynoecium that consists single pistil is called

A

Monocarpellary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

When gynoecium has more than one pistils, who are fused together are called

A

Syncarpous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

When gynoecium has more than one pistils, and they are free, it is called

A

Apocarpous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Examples of apocarpous

A

Lotus, rose and michelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Examples of syncarpous

A

Papaver, solanaceae, malvaceae, liliaceae, asteraceae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Examples of monocarpellary

A

Fabaceae and poaceae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What acts as landing platform for pollen grain?

A

Stigma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Inside the ovary is the

A

Ovarian cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Placenta is located inside

A

Ovarian cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Arising from the placenta are the megasporangia called

A

Ovules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Examples of one ovule in an ovary

A

Wheat, paddy mango

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Examples of many ovules in ovary

A

Papaya, watermelon orchid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Crassinucellate ovule is

A

Well developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Tenuninucellate ovule is

A

Poorly developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Ovule is small structure attached to the placenta by means of a stock called

A

Funicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Body of the ovule fuses with funicle in the region called

A

Hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Hilum represents junction between

A

Ovule and funicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Each ovule has two or one protective envelopes called

A

Integuments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Integuments encircle the nucleus except at the tip where a small opening called _________ is organised.

A

Micropyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Basal part of ovule is

A

Chalaza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Mass of cell enclosed within the Integuments

A

Nucellus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Cells of nucellus have abundant

A

Reserve food material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Megasporogenisis is

A

Process of formation of megaspores from megaspore mother cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Where does the ovule generally differentiate a single megaspore mother cell

A

In Micropylar region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Megagametogenesis was discovered by

A

P. maheshwari

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

What is monosporic embryo sac

A

One functional megaspore and three degenerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Example of tetrasporic embryo sac

A

Adoxa and plumbago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Bisporic embryo sac examples are

A

Allium and Endymion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Mitotic divisions are strictly

A

Free nuclear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Synergies have special cellular thickening at the micropylar tip called

A

Filliform apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

What guides the pollen tube into the synergid

A

Filliform apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Three cells at chalazal end are called

A

Antipodal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

A typical embryo sac at maturity is

A

7 celled 8 nucleate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

What degenerates with pollination

A

A synergid

91
Q

Which is the largest cell in embryo sac

A

Central cell

92
Q

Egg cell is larger than

A

Synergids

93
Q

Depending on what pollination is divided into three types

A

Source of pollen

94
Q

What is autogamy

A

Transfer of pollen grain from the anther to the stigma of same flower

95
Q

Homogamy is

A

Synchrony in pollen release and stigma receptivity

96
Q

What are chasmogamous flowers

A

Open flowers

97
Q

What are cleistogamous flowers

A

Closed flowers

98
Q

Examples of two types of flowers in same plant

A

Viola (common pansy) , oxalis and commelina

99
Q

No wastage of pollen grains and 100% possibility of seed formation is in

A

Cleistogamous flowers

100
Q

Functionally cross and genetically similar type of pollination

A

Geitonogamy

101
Q

Transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma of flower of different plant

A

Xenogamy

102
Q

Genetically different types of pollen grain reach stigma in only

A

Xenogamy

103
Q

Examples of anemophily

A

Wheat, sugarcane, maize, rice, bamboo

104
Q

Pollen grains are light and non sticky when they are pollinated by

A

Wind

105
Q

Large open feathery stigma and well exposed stamens are found in

A

Wind pollination

106
Q

How many ovules are there in each ovary in wind pollinated flowers

A

Single

107
Q

Wind pollination is common in

A

Grasses

108
Q

Pollination by water is rare as

A

It is limited to only 30 genera mostly monocotyledons

109
Q

Fresh water water pollinated plants are

A

Vallisneria and hydrilla

110
Q

Marine sea grass water pollinated plants are

A

Zostera

111
Q

Majority of aquatic plant are pollinated by insects or wind. Give examples.

A

Water hyacinth and water lily

112
Q

In water pollinated species, Pollen grains are protected from wetting by

A

Mucilaginous covering

113
Q

Epihydrophily is

A

Pollination on surface of water

114
Q

Hypohydrophily is

A

Pollination beneath the surface of water

115
Q

Give examples of biotic pollinating agents

A

Bees, butterflies, beetles, wasps, moths, sunbird , humming bird, bats, primates(lemurs), arboreal (tree dwelling ), rodents, reptiles(gecko lizard and garden lizard )

116
Q

What kind of flowers are rich in nectar

A

Insect pollinated

117
Q

Flowers pollinated by beetals and flies

A

Secrete foul odour to attract animals

118
Q

Usually the floral rewards are

A

Nectar and pollen

119
Q

Tallest flower

A

Amorphophallus

120
Q

Explain the relationship between pronuba moth and yucca plant

A

Moth deposits, its egg in the locule of the ovary, and the flower gets pollinated by moth

121
Q

Explain pseudocopulation

A

Colpa insect pseudocopulates with flower of ophrys (orchid)

122
Q

What do you mean by Pollen Robbers?

A

Many insects, consume pollen, or nectar without bringing pollination example queen of bombus affins

123
Q

Outbreeding devices promote

A

Xenogamy

124
Q

Explain dichotomy

A

Male and female plant, mature at different time

125
Q

Examples of protandry

A

Sunflower, cotton

126
Q

Explain protandry

A

Male plants matures first

127
Q

Examples of protogyny

A

Ficus, aristolochia

128
Q

Explain protogyny

A

Female plant matures first

129
Q

Give examples of monoecious plants

A

Castor and maize

130
Q

What kind of plants prevent autogamy but not geitonogamy

A

Monoecious plants

131
Q

Examples of dioecy

A

Papaya , date palm , vallisneria

132
Q

What kind of plants prevents both autogamy and geitonogamy

A

Dioecy

133
Q

Self incompatibility is controlled by

A

S gene

134
Q

Genetic mechanism to prevent inbreeding

A

Self incompatibility

135
Q

Explain pollen pistil interaction

A

The ability of the pistil to recognise the pollen followed by its acceptance or rejection is the result of a continuous dialogue between pollen grain and pistil

136
Q

Solid style is formed from

A

Conducting pectimised tissue

137
Q

Pollen tube growth is through

A

Germ pores

138
Q

Pollen grains are shed at

A

2 celled condition

139
Q

During the growth of pollen tube in stigma, Generative cell divides and forms

A

Two male gametes

140
Q

After reaching ovary, pollen tube enters the oval through

A

Micropyle

141
Q

The entry of ovule through micropyle is called

A

Porogamy

142
Q

Explain mesogamy

A

Entry of ovule through integument

143
Q

Explain chalazogamy

A

Entry of ovule through chalaza

144
Q

Who guides the entry of pollen tube?

A

Filiform apparatus of synergids

145
Q

When does the synergid degenerate?

A

When the entry of pollen tube inside embryo sac takes place

146
Q

Pollen tube growth is

A

Apical and chemo tropic

147
Q

What is emasculation?

A

Removal of anther from the flower bud Before the maturation using forceps

148
Q

Emasculation is done in what flowers?

A

Bisexual

149
Q

What is bagging ?

A

emasculated flowers have to be covered with a bag of suitable size generally made of butter paper to prevent contamination of its stigma with unwanted pollen

150
Q

What is Syngamy?

A

One of the male gamete move towards egg cell and fuses with its nucleus 

151
Q

Syngamy results information of

A

Zygote

152
Q

What is triple fusion

A

Male game moves towards the two polar nuclei located in central cell and fuse with them to produce triploid primary endosperm nucleus

153
Q

What is double fertilisation?

A

Sami and triple fusion takes place in an embryo sac

154
Q

Double fertilisation is unique event in

A

Angiosperms

155
Q

Central cell after triple fusion becomes

A

Primary endosperm cell

156
Q

Syngamy is also known as

A

Generative fertilisation

157
Q

After fertilisation, The primary endosperm cell forms

A

Triploid endosperm tissue

158
Q

After fertilisation, the integument becomes

A

Seedcoat

159
Q

After fertilisation, the ovary wall becomes

A

Fruit wall (pericarp)

160
Q

After fertilisation, ovule and ovary forms

A

Seed and fruit, respectively

161
Q

Examples of oily endosperm

A

Castor, coconut

162
Q

Example of proteinaceous endosperm

A

Alleurone layer of maize

163
Q

Examples of cellulosic endosperm

A

Ivory palm

164
Q

Example of hemi cellulosic endosperm

A

Date palm

165
Q

Example of starchy endosperm

A

Cereal (wheat, rice)

166
Q

Example of cellular endosperm

A

Petunia

167
Q

Example of free nuclear endosperm

A

Cotton maize

168
Q

Give example of diploid endosperm

A

Oenothera

169
Q

Cells of the endosperm tissue are filled with reserve food material used in

A

Nutrition of developing embryo

170
Q

The stage of endosperm development is called

A

Free nuclear endosperm

171
Q

Pen undergoes successive nuclear divisions to give rise to

A

Free nuclei

172
Q

Tender coconut is

A

Free nuclear endosperm

173
Q

White kernel of coconut is

A

Cellular endosperm

174
Q

What do you mean by exalbuminous

A

Endosperm, which is completely consumed by developing embryo

175
Q

Examples of exalbuminous

A

Pea , groundnut, beans, gram, orchid

176
Q

Explain albuminous

A

Persistent endosperm in mature seed

177
Q

Examples of aluminous seeds

A

Wheat, rice, castor, coconut, maize, barley

178
Q

Endosperm absent in

A

Orchidaceae, trapaceae, podostemaceae

179
Q

Embryo develops at which part of embryo sac

A

micropylar end

180
Q

Zygote gives rise to the proembryo and subsequently

A

Globular , heart shaped and mature embryo

181
Q

Portion of embryonal axis above the level of cotyledons is

A

Epicotyl

182
Q

Epicotyl terminates with the

A

Plumule

183
Q

Cylindrical portion below the level of cotyledons is

A

Hypocotyl

184
Q

Hypocotyl terminates at its lower end in

A

Radicle

185
Q

Radicle can also be called

A

Root tip

186
Q

Plumule can also be called

A

Stem tip

187
Q

Root tip is covered with

A

Root cap

188
Q

In grass family the cotyledon is called

A

Scutellum

189
Q

Scutellum is situated towards

A

Lateral side of embryonical axis

190
Q

Root cap enclosed in an undifferentiated sheath called

A

Coleorrhiza

191
Q

Epicotyl has a shoot, Apex and a few leaf primordia enclosed in a hollow follicular structure called

A

Coleoptile

192
Q

Seed is

A

Fertilised ovule

193
Q

Cotyledon are

A

Generally thick and swollen due to storage of food reserves

194
Q

Remnants of nucellus are also persistent in some seeds like

A

Beet, black pepper

195
Q

Residual persistent nucellus is the

A

Perisperm

196
Q

Integuments of ovules harden as tough protective

A

Seed coat

197
Q

In seed the Micropyle remains as

A

Small pore in seed coat

198
Q

What is dormancy

A

Embryo is in a state of inactivity but if favourable conditions are available like adequate moisture, oxygen and suitable temperature they germinate

199
Q

Examples of fleshy fruits

A

Guava, orange, mango

200
Q

Examples of dry fruit

A

Groundnut, mustard

201
Q

What are false fruits

A

Fruits that develop from other parts of plant besides ovule

202
Q

Examples of false fruit (thalamus + ovary)

A

Apples, strawberries, cashew

203
Q

What are true fruits

A

Formation of fruit from ovary

204
Q

What are parthenocarpic fruits

A

Fruits which form without fertilisation

205
Q

Examples of parthenocarpic fruit

A

Banana

206
Q

Parthenocarpy can be induced through

A

Application of growth hormones like auxin

207
Q

Parthenocarpic fruits are

A

Seedless

208
Q

Reproductive processes such as pollination and fertilisation are independent of water but what is dependent

A

Seed formation

209
Q

Seeds dispersed by ants are called

A

Myrmecochory

210
Q

Seeds are the basis of our agriculture due to

A

Dehydration and dormancy

211
Q

Seeds of large number have viability of

A

Many years ago

212
Q

10,000 years of dormancy is seen in

A

Lupinus articus

213
Q

Lupinus arcticus was excavated from

A

Arctic tundra

214
Q

2000 year old seed which was discovered during excavation at king herod’s palace near Dead Sea is

A

Phoenix dactylifera

215
Q

Examples of fruits with many seeds

A

Orchids, orobanche , striga

216
Q

Examples of fruits with one seed

A

Mango, wheat, coconut, rice

217
Q

What is apomixis

A

Formation of seed without fertilisation

218
Q

Examples of plants showing apomixis

A

Asteraceae and grasses

219
Q

Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that

A

Mimics sexual reproduction

220
Q

What is recurrent agamospermy

A

Deployed cell is formed without reduction division and develops into embryo without fertilisation

221
Q

Examples of recurrent agamospermy

A

Apple, pear

222
Q

What do you mean by polyembryony

A

Occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed

223
Q

When budding takes place in Nucellus _________ is formed

A

Embryo

224
Q

Examples of adventive embryony

A

Mango, citrus

Botany (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions