Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants Flashcards
1
Q
Sexually reproduced plants are genetically
A
Dissimilar
2
Q
Non essential whorls are
A
Calyx and corolla
3
Q
Essential whorls are
A
Androcium and gynocium
4
Q
________are sites of sexual reproduction.
A
Flowers
5
Q
Flowers are _____________&_____________marvels.
A
Morphological and embryological
6
Q
Androcium consists of whorl of
A
Stamens
7
Q
Long and slender parts of stamen is
A
Filament
8
Q
Anther is generally
A
Bilobed, tetrasporangiate
9
Q
Proximal end of filament is attached to
A
Thalamus or petals of flowers
10
Q
Examples of malvaceae family
A
China rose, cotton, lady finger
11
Q
Typical angiosperm anther is generally
A
Dithecous
12
Q
Anther is monothecus and bisporsngiate in
A
Malvaceae family
13
Q
Four ____________ located at the corners of anther.
A
Microsporangia
14
Q
Microsporangia develops into
A
Pollen grain
15
Q
A vasculated , sterile tissue whose longitudinal groove runs lengthwise separating the theca
A
Connective
16
Q
The layer which nourishes the developing pollen grains
A
Tapetum
17
Q
Cells of the tapetum possesses
A
Dense cytoplasm and more than one nucleus
18
Q
Which layer of microsporangium is made of parenchymatous cells?
A
Epidermis
19
Q
Which layer of microsporangium is made of alpha cellulosic fibres?
A
Endothecium
20
Q
The thickening of alpha cellulosic fibres is present in
A
Inner tangential wall
21
Q
Alpha cellulosic fibres are absent in which region?
A
Stomium region
22
Q
In which layer of microsporangium cells show polyteny?
A
Tapetum
23
Q
The middle layer has one to 3 layered ________cells
A
Parenchymatous
24
Q
Which layer of microsporangium degenerates at maturity
A
Middle layer
25
Group of compactly arrange homogeneous cells called ______occupies the centre of each microsporangium 
sporogenous tissue
26
Cells of sporogenous tissue undergo which division to form microspore tetrads ?
Meiotic
27
Process of formation of microspore is from a pollen mother cell through meiosis is called
MicrosporoGenesis
28
Which is the most common type of meiotic division in microsporogenesis?
Simultaneous type
29
Which is the advanced type of meiosis in microsporogenesis?
Successive type
30
Examples of simultaneous type and successive type, respectively are
Dicot and monocot
31
Tetrahydro arrangement of Microspore tetrad is seen in
Simultaneous type
32
IsoBilateral arrangement of Microspore tetrad is seen in
Successive type
33
The pollen green represents the
Male gametophyte
34
Pollen grains are measured about _____micro metres in diameter
25 to 50
35
The pollen grain has prominent two layered 
Sporoderm
36
The hard outer layer of pollen grain is
Exine
37
Exine is made of
Sporopollenin
38
Pollen grains are well preserved as fossils because of presence of 
Sporopollenin
39
Sporopollenin is one of the most
Resistant organic Material
40
Sporopollenin can withstand
High temperatures and strong acids and bases
41
Exine has prominent aperture where Sporopollenin is absent. It is known as?
Germ pore
42
What exhibits a fascinating array of patterns and designs?
Exine
43
Inner wall of pollen grain, which is thin and continuous made up of Cellulose and pectin is
Intine
44
Cytoplasm of pollen grain is surrounded by 
Plasma membrane 
45
– Cell is bigger and has abundant food reserve and a large irregularly shaped nucleus
Vegetative
46
– Cell is small and floats in the cytoplasm of other cell and has dense cytoplasm and is spindle shaped
Generative
47
Over 60% of angiosperms shed at
2 celled shape
48
In 40% of angiosperms pollen grains are shed at
3 celled stage
49
Examples of pollen grains that cause: allergy are 
Parthenium (carrot grass) , Amaranthus , chenopodium
50
Pollen grains are used as food supplements because
They are rich in nutrients
51
Poland consumption has been claimed to increase the performance of –
Athletes and race horses
52
What do you mean by Pollen viability?
The period for which pollen grain remain viable
53
Pollen viability depends on what factors?
Temperature and humidity
54
What is the Pollen viability in cereals, such as rice and wheat? 
30 minutes
55
Give some examples of Pollen viability for months
Rosaceae leguminoseae and solanaceae
56
Cryopreservation is done at what temperature and what chemical 
liquid nitrogen at -1 96°C
57
Gynoecium that consists single pistil is called
Monocarpellary
58
When gynoecium has more than one pistils, who are fused together are called
Syncarpous
59
When gynoecium has more than one pistils, and they are free, it is called
Apocarpous
60
Examples of apocarpous
Lotus, rose and michelia
61
Examples of syncarpous
Papaver, solanaceae, malvaceae, liliaceae, asteraceae
62
Examples of monocarpellary
Fabaceae and poaceae
63
What acts as landing platform for pollen grain?
Stigma
64
Inside the ovary is the
Ovarian cavity
65
Placenta is located inside
Ovarian cavity
66
Arising from the placenta are the megasporangia called
Ovules
67
Examples of one ovule in an ovary
Wheat, paddy mango
68
Examples of many ovules in ovary
Papaya, watermelon orchid
69
Crassinucellate ovule is
Well developed
70
Tenuninucellate ovule is
Poorly developed
71
Ovule is small structure attached to the placenta by means of a stock called
Funicle
72
Body of the ovule fuses with funicle in the region called
Hilum
73
Hilum represents junction between
Ovule and funicle
74
Each ovule has two or one protective envelopes called
Integuments
75
Integuments encircle the nucleus except at the tip where a small opening called _________ is organised.
Micropyle
76
Basal part of ovule is
Chalaza
77
Mass of cell enclosed within the Integuments
Nucellus
78
Cells of nucellus have abundant
Reserve food material
79
Megasporogenisis is
Process of formation of megaspores from megaspore mother cell
80
Where does the ovule generally differentiate a single megaspore mother cell
In Micropylar region
81
Megagametogenesis was discovered by
P. maheshwari
82
What is monosporic embryo sac
One functional megaspore and three degenerate
83
Example of tetrasporic embryo sac
Adoxa and plumbago
84
Bisporic embryo sac examples are
Allium and Endymion
85
Mitotic divisions are strictly
Free nuclear
86
Synergies have special cellular thickening at the micropylar tip called
Filliform apparatus
87
What guides the pollen tube into the synergid
Filliform apparatus
88
Three cells at chalazal end are called
Antipodal cells
89
A typical embryo sac at maturity is
7 celled 8 nucleate
90
What degenerates with pollination
A synergid
91
Which is the largest cell in embryo sac
Central cell
92
Egg cell is larger than
Synergids
93
Depending on what pollination is divided into three types
Source of pollen
94
What is autogamy
Transfer of pollen grain from the anther to the stigma of same flower
95
Homogamy is
Synchrony in pollen release and stigma receptivity
96
What are chasmogamous flowers
Open flowers
97
What are cleistogamous flowers
Closed flowers
98
Examples of two types of flowers in same plant
Viola (common pansy) , oxalis and commelina
99
No wastage of pollen grains and 100% possibility of seed formation is in
Cleistogamous flowers
100
Functionally cross and genetically similar type of pollination
Geitonogamy
101
Transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma of flower of different plant
Xenogamy
102
Genetically different types of pollen grain reach stigma in only
Xenogamy
103
Examples of anemophily
Wheat, sugarcane, maize, rice, bamboo
104
Pollen grains are light and non sticky when they are pollinated by
Wind
105
Large open feathery stigma and well exposed stamens are found in
Wind pollination
106
How many ovules are there in each ovary in wind pollinated flowers
Single
107
Wind pollination is common in
Grasses
108
Pollination by water is rare as
It is limited to only 30 genera mostly monocotyledons
109
Fresh water water pollinated plants are
Vallisneria and hydrilla
110
Marine sea grass water pollinated plants are
Zostera
111
Majority of aquatic plant are pollinated by insects or wind. Give examples.
Water hyacinth and water lily
112
In water pollinated species, Pollen grains are protected from wetting by
Mucilaginous covering
113
Epihydrophily is
Pollination on surface of water
114
Hypohydrophily is
Pollination beneath the surface of water
115
Give examples of biotic pollinating agents
Bees, butterflies, beetles, wasps, moths, sunbird , humming bird, bats, primates(lemurs), arboreal (tree dwelling ), rodents, reptiles(gecko lizard and garden lizard )
116
What kind of flowers are rich in nectar
Insect pollinated
117
Flowers pollinated by beetals and flies
Secrete foul odour to attract animals
118
Usually the floral rewards are
Nectar and pollen
119
Tallest flower
Amorphophallus
120
Explain the relationship between pronuba moth and yucca plant
Moth deposits, its egg in the locule of the ovary, and the flower gets pollinated by moth
121
Explain pseudocopulation
Colpa insect pseudocopulates with flower of ophrys (orchid)
122
What do you mean by Pollen Robbers?
Many insects, consume pollen, or nectar without bringing pollination example queen of bombus affins
123
Outbreeding devices promote
Xenogamy
124
Explain dichotomy
Male and female plant, mature at different time
125
Examples of protandry
Sunflower, cotton
126
Explain protandry
Male plants matures first
127
Examples of protogyny
Ficus, aristolochia
128
Explain protogyny
Female plant matures first
129
Give examples of monoecious plants
Castor and maize
130
What kind of plants prevent autogamy but not geitonogamy
Monoecious plants
131
Examples of dioecy
Papaya , date palm , vallisneria
132
What kind of plants prevents both autogamy and geitonogamy
Dioecy
133
Self incompatibility is controlled by
S gene
134
Genetic mechanism to prevent inbreeding
Self incompatibility
135
Explain pollen pistil interaction
The ability of the pistil to recognise the pollen followed by its acceptance or rejection is the result of a continuous dialogue between pollen grain and pistil
136
Solid style is formed from
Conducting pectimised tissue
137
Pollen tube growth is through
Germ pores
138
Pollen grains are shed at
2 celled condition
139
During the growth of pollen tube in stigma, Generative cell divides and forms
Two male gametes
140
After reaching ovary, pollen tube enters the oval through
Micropyle
141
The entry of ovule through micropyle is called
Porogamy
142
Explain mesogamy
Entry of ovule through integument
143
Explain chalazogamy
Entry of ovule through chalaza
144
Who guides the entry of pollen tube?
Filiform apparatus of synergids
145
When does the synergid degenerate?
When the entry of pollen tube inside embryo sac takes place
146
Pollen tube growth is
Apical and chemo tropic
147
What is emasculation?
Removal of anther from the flower bud Before the maturation using forceps
148
Emasculation is done in what flowers?
Bisexual
149
What is bagging ?
emasculated flowers have to be covered with a bag of suitable size generally made of butter paper to prevent contamination of its stigma with unwanted pollen
150
What is Syngamy?
One of the male gamete move towards egg cell and fuses with its nucleus 
151
Syngamy results information of
Zygote
152
What is triple fusion
Male game moves towards the two polar nuclei located in central cell and fuse with them to produce triploid primary endosperm nucleus
153
What is double fertilisation?
Sami and triple fusion takes place in an embryo sac
154
Double fertilisation is unique event in
Angiosperms
155
Central cell after triple fusion becomes
Primary endosperm cell
156
Syngamy is also known as
Generative fertilisation
157
After fertilisation, The primary endosperm cell forms
Triploid endosperm tissue
158
After fertilisation, the integument becomes
Seedcoat
159
After fertilisation, the ovary wall becomes
Fruit wall (pericarp)
160
After fertilisation, ovule and ovary forms
Seed and fruit, respectively
161
Examples of oily endosperm
Castor, coconut
162
Example of proteinaceous endosperm
Alleurone layer of maize
163
Examples of cellulosic endosperm
Ivory palm
164
Example of hemi cellulosic endosperm
Date palm
165
Example of starchy endosperm
Cereal (wheat, rice)
166
Example of cellular endosperm
Petunia
167
Example of free nuclear endosperm
Cotton maize
168
Give example of diploid endosperm
Oenothera
169
Cells of the endosperm tissue are filled with reserve food material used in
Nutrition of developing embryo
170
The stage of endosperm development is called
Free nuclear endosperm
171
Pen undergoes successive nuclear divisions to give rise to
Free nuclei
172
Tender coconut is
Free nuclear endosperm
173
White kernel of coconut is
Cellular endosperm
174
What do you mean by exalbuminous
Endosperm, which is completely consumed by developing embryo
175
Examples of exalbuminous
Pea , groundnut, beans, gram, orchid
176
Explain albuminous
Persistent endosperm in mature seed
177
Examples of aluminous seeds
Wheat, rice, castor, coconut, maize, barley
178
Endosperm absent in
Orchidaceae, trapaceae, podostemaceae
179
Embryo develops at which part of embryo sac
micropylar end
180
Zygote gives rise to the proembryo and subsequently
Globular , heart shaped and mature embryo
181
Portion of embryonal axis above the level of cotyledons is
Epicotyl
182
Epicotyl terminates with the
Plumule
183
Cylindrical portion below the level of cotyledons is
Hypocotyl
184
Hypocotyl terminates at its lower end in
Radicle
185
Radicle can also be called
Root tip
186
Plumule can also be called
Stem tip
187
Root tip is covered with
Root cap
188
In grass family the cotyledon is called
Scutellum
189
Scutellum is situated towards
Lateral side of embryonical axis
190
Root cap enclosed in an undifferentiated sheath called
Coleorrhiza
191
Epicotyl has a shoot, Apex and a few leaf primordia enclosed in a hollow follicular structure called
Coleoptile
192
Seed is
Fertilised ovule
193
Cotyledon are
Generally thick and swollen due to storage of food reserves
194
Remnants of nucellus are also persistent in some seeds like
Beet, black pepper
195
Residual persistent nucellus is the
Perisperm
196
Integuments of ovules harden as tough protective
Seed coat
197
In seed the Micropyle remains as
Small pore in seed coat
198
What is dormancy
Embryo is in a state of inactivity but if favourable conditions are available like adequate moisture, oxygen and suitable temperature they germinate
199
Examples of fleshy fruits
Guava, orange, mango
200
Examples of dry fruit
Groundnut, mustard
201
What are false fruits
Fruits that develop from other parts of plant besides ovule
202
Examples of false fruit (thalamus + ovary)
Apples, strawberries, cashew
203
What are true fruits
Formation of fruit from ovary
204
What are parthenocarpic fruits
Fruits which form without fertilisation
205
Examples of parthenocarpic fruit
Banana
206
Parthenocarpy can be induced through
Application of growth hormones like auxin
207
Parthenocarpic fruits are
Seedless
208
Reproductive processes such as pollination and fertilisation are independent of water but what is dependent
Seed formation
209
Seeds dispersed by ants are called
Myrmecochory
210
Seeds are the basis of our agriculture due to
Dehydration and dormancy
211
Seeds of large number have viability of
Many years ago
212
10,000 years of dormancy is seen in
Lupinus articus
213
Lupinus arcticus was excavated from
Arctic tundra
214
2000 year old seed which was discovered during excavation at king herod’s palace near Dead Sea is
Phoenix dactylifera
215
Examples of fruits with many seeds
Orchids, orobanche , striga
216
Examples of fruits with one seed
Mango, wheat, coconut, rice
217
What is apomixis
Formation of seed without fertilisation
218
Examples of plants showing apomixis
Asteraceae and grasses
219
Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that
Mimics sexual reproduction
220
What is recurrent agamospermy
Deployed cell is formed without reduction division and develops into embryo without fertilisation
221
Examples of recurrent agamospermy
Apple, pear
222
What do you mean by polyembryony
Occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed
223
When budding takes place in Nucellus _________ is formed
Embryo
224
Examples of adventive embryony
Mango, citrus
