Sexual offences

Question 1

what percentage of girls and boys experience child sexual abuse?

Answer 1

10-25% of girls

2-25% of boys

Question 2

what is the estimated cost of a SA victim? what is their lifetime cost?

Answer 2

USA estimated annual economic burden approx $11 billion

average lifetime cost is $323,736 per female victim

Question 3

risk factors for onset of sexual offending

Answer 3

1. sexual criminality: atypical sexual interests,, sexual interests in children, sexualized violence, having multiple paraphiliac
2. general anti-sociality: psychopathy, attitude tolerant of crime, norm violations

Question 4

what is paraphilia?

Answer 4

recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges or behaviours that involve non-human objects, non-consenting adults or children, or the suffering and or humiliation of oneself or one’s partner/ children for the past 6 months

Question 5

how d you measure sexual interests?

Answer 5

1. Penile plethysmography (PPG), pros: widely used, large research base. cons: ethical concerns, intrusive, expensive
2. self-report, pros: easy to administer, cons: socially desirable, access to cognition
3. indirect measures, pros: hard to fake socially desirable response, inexpensive, cons: construct validity unclear

Question 6

child sexual abuse, Jespersen et al. (2009) meta-analysis

Answer 6

CSA associated with greater sexual attraction to children
only about 30% of people with a history of sex offences also have a history of CSA
They have general anti-sociality: poor cognitive problem-solving, negative social influences, resistance to rules/supervision

Question 7

true or false: having a member who is convicted of a sex offence increases your risk of committing a sex offence

Answer 7

true

Question 8

sex offending against adults vs. sexual offending against children. comparison between genetics, shared environment and non-shared environment

Answer 8

Adults: genetic 19%, shared environment 15%, non-shared environment 66%
children: genetic 46%, shared environment 0%, non-shared environment 54%

Question 9

parental and perinatal risk factors

Answer 9

young parents (<25), older parents (>40-45), parents with lower education, violent criminal convictions, psychiatric diagnoses, and suicide attempts
small birth weight, small head circumference

Question 10

recidivism rates, Hanson & Morton-Bourgon, 2004)

Answer 10

sexual=13.7%, non-sexual violent=14%, any=36.9%

Question 11

two strongest predictors of recidivism

Answer 11

1. atypical sexual interest

2. antisocial tendencies

Question 12

treatment for sexual offenders

Answer 12

1. pharmacological: reduce sex drive, block testosterone, antidepressants, attempt to reduce deviant interest by aversion, masturbatory satiation
2. cognitive-behavioural: cognitive restructuring, relapse prevention, self-regulation model

Question 13

why do some individuals desist?

Answer 13

1. effective psychological interventions
2. aging: physical decline
3. increasing psychological maturity: success in work, rewarding leisure activities