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Semester 5 - CPT > Sex Steroids > Flashcards

Sex Steroids Flashcards

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NASM ® CPT flashcards
1
Q

How are the sex steroid hormones transported in the blood?

A

Bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)

except progesterone which is bound to albumin

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2
Q

Why are the sex steroid hormones not metabolised by the liver? (except progesterone)

A

Because they are bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)

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3
Q

Which hormones up regulates sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) production?

A

Oestrogens

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4
Q

What are the nuclear receptors for oestrogens?

A

ER-α

ER-β

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5
Q

What are the nuclear receptors for progesterones?

A

PR-A

PR-B

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6
Q

What are the nuclear receptors for androgens?

A

AR-1

AR-2

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7
Q

Oral oestrogens are conjugated with which compound in the liver?

A

Glucoronides

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8
Q

How do oral antibiotics reduce the efficacy of oral oestrogens?

A
  • Oral antibiotics reduce the amount of bacteria present in the intestine
  • Intestinal bacteria is necessary to unconjugate oestrogen from glucoronides to allow absorption into the bloodstream
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9
Q

Name some natural and derivative oestrogens:

A
  • 17 β Estradiol
  • Estrone
  • Estriol
  • Ethinylestradiol
  • Equilin
  • Equilenin
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10
Q

Which oestrogen is raised in pregnancy?

A

Estriol

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11
Q

Which sex steroid stimulates the production of progesterone receptors?

A

Oestrogen

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12
Q

Which sex steroids stimulate breast and endometrial growth?

A

Progesterone

Oestrogen

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13
Q

Which sex steroid impairs glucose tolerance?

A

Oestrogen

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14
Q

Which sex steroid increases blood coagulability?

A

Oestrogen

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15
Q

Which sex steroids can increase sodium and water retention?

A

Oestrogen

Progesterone

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16
Q

What are the side effects of oestrogens?

A
  • Nausea +/- vomiting
  • Abdo bloating +/- cramps
  • Thromboembolism
  • Water retention
  • Breast tenderness
  • Acne
  • Headache
  • Hypertension
  • Irritability
  • Impaired glucose tolerance
  • Endometrial/ovarian/breast hyperplasia + cancer
17
Q

What are the side effects of progesterones?

A
  • Weight gain
  • Nausea +/- vomiting
  • Depression
  • PMS
  • Lack of concentration
  • Fluid retention
  • Acne
  • Irritability
18
Q

Which sex steroid promotes hair growth?

A

Testosterone

19
Q

What are some side effects of testosterone?

A
  • Agression
  • Acne
  • Hair growth
  • Reduced HDL:LDL ratio
20
Q

Why do males have a higher risk of atherosclerotic disease?

A

Testosterone reduces the HDL:LDL ratio

21
Q

Which tissues can synthesise sex steroids from cholesterol?

A
  • Adipose
  • Adrenals
  • Gonads
22
Q

From which common molecule are the sex steroids formed from?

A

Cholesterol

Semester 5 - CPT (5 decks)

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