Sex & Reproduction Flashcards
What sti can pass thru breadtmilk?
HIV
STIs that cross the placenta in utero
Syphilis
HIV
Consequences: HPV
Cervical cancers
Consequences: gonorrhea
Infertility, newborn blindness/pneumonia
Consequences: syphilis
Fetal birth defects
Consequences: chlamydia
Infertility
Consequences: Trichomoniasis
PID/endometritis
Consequences: Hep B/C
Liver failure
Primary vs secondary infertility
P: never been pregnant
S: been pregnant but can’t again
Advanced maternal age/geriatric
35+ years old
No live vaccines when?
During 1st semester, when fetal organs developing
When is someone considered infertile?
After 12mo of trying
What low hormones can lead to low sperm counts?
Testosterone
Lutenizing hormone
Males causes of infertility
Low hormones
Extra X or Y chromosome depletion
Diabetes & cystic fibrosis
Undescended testicles (sperm too warm)
Infections/surgeries/sperm motility
Prostate issues
Heat exposure (tighty whitys)
Drugs/toxins/anabolic steroids
Obesity/Age 40+
Stress
Infertility education. No…
Hot baths/tight clothing (women)
Lubricants
Don’t wear cell phone on hip
Smoking (pre-ages sperm/ova & causes miscarriages)
Female causes of infertility
Polycystic ovary disease
Low thyroid/weight changes/obesity excessive exercise/stress/drugs
35-40+
Fibroids,polyps,2uterises
Prolactin levels
PID
Environmental toxins
In vitro fertilization vs Artificial Insemination
Clomid/clomiphene Stimulates ovaries to mature eggs. Needle retrieves 🥚. Lab fertilizes 🥚, transferred usually multiple embryos to uterus.
AI: semen inserted close to uterus during ovulation.
Clomid/clomiphene
Clomid/clomiphene Stimulates ovaries to mature eggs. Used for natural fertilization or in vitro. Also effective for male infertility
% of US with an STI
20%
Hepatitis symptoms
Apoetite loss, fatigue, nausea
Muscle/joint aches
Yellow skin/ dark urine
Ascites
RUQ pain due to enlarged liver
Pale stool
Are STIs curable?
Only bacterial (syph/chlam/gonorr) or protozoal (Trichom).
Not viral (hpv,hiv,hsv aka herpes, hepatitis)
Which STIs could be transmitted thru birth canal ie need c-section?
HSV w/active lesions
HIV
Hep B
Gonorrhea, Chlamydia
Lesions, warts, chancres are signs of:
Hpv, hsv, syphillis
Green/foul-smelling genital discharge, burning, itching are signs of:
Chlamydia, gonorrhea, trich
Female contraceptive with highest reliability
Copper IUD
Are condoms or oral contraceptives more reliable?
Oral contraceptives
Oral contraceptives can cause…
Clots
ED can be cause by:
Arteriosclerosis stopping blood blow.
Diabetes (35-50% diabetic males)
Endocrine disorders
Neurological diseases & trauma
Drugs (chemo & anti hypertensives & psychotropics)
Depression
% of US with ED
50% of men 40-70yo
ED can be an early symptom of:
Cardiovascular disease
ED interventions
Tx cause/weight loss/no alcohol or tobacco.
Vacuum pump (neg-pressure)
PDE-5 inhibitors (slidenAFIL ie Viagra)
Penile injection or urethral suppository (Alprostadil)
Penile implants or penis transplant
-afils can last up to:
slidenafil/vardenafil: 4 hrs
tadalafil: 36hrs
Avoid intercourse with penile implant until:
Incision heals (6wks after)
Practitioner inspects it (6wks after)
What Tanner staging?
Assesses physical development by age ie pubic hair, breast tissue, tested descending
Menopause age and how it is diagnosed.
40-59 (average age 50-51)
Defined by 12mo without menstruation
Menopause symptoms
Weight gain + abdominal fat.
Vasomotor: Hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, headaches, irritability, mood, memory.
Loss of bone density, higher cholesterol.
Vag dryness, dyspareunia (painful intercourse), urinary freq/urgency.
Low sex drive & dry skin.
Pos & neg of estrogen/progesterone therapy
Pos: lower risk of artherosclerosis, endometrial cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes
Neg: higher risk of breast/ovarian cancer, clots, gallbladder disease, urinary incontinence
