Sex Offenders Flashcards

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1
Q

Rape typologies

A

Power-assurance: insecure, violent, serial offenders, take trophies

Power-assertive: expresses sexuality + power over women (date tape, sexually confident)

Anger-retaliatory: high anger towards women, blitz attacks, degrades victims

Anger-excitement: gains pleasure + excitement from victim’s distress

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2
Q

Criminological vs psychological approaches

A

Study of sexual offenders dominated by psychology - focus of the psychology of the offence, assumption is sexual offenders specialise in their offending

Move towards a criminological focus - looking at the criminology of sexual offences

Research suggests no specific personality traits differentiate child sexual offenders from other offenders

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3
Q

Models explaining paedophilia

A

Sexualisation model - assumes early childhood (e.g. abuse) conducive to developing paedophilia TOO BROAD

Psychotherapeutic-cognitive model - cognitive distortions rationalise or excuse behaviour BIG CONTRIBUTOR TO WHAT CAUSES SEXUAL OFFENCES

Vulnerability factors in childhoods of young sex offenders which predispose them to committing sexual offences against children - may increase risk but not definite that someone will offend

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4
Q

Theoretical perspectives - 4

A

Socio-cultural theories
Feminist theory
Social learning theory
Evolutionary theory

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5
Q

Socio-cultural theories

A

Some aspects of culture might encourage men to rape

  • individualistic collectivist culture
  • gender inequality
  • social disorganisation (anomie) e.g. war
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6
Q

Feminist theories

A

Gender structure = control of women
Disparities in social status and power
Power and dominance = motivators
Lower levels of rape in more egalitarian societies

Generally about empowering women

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7
Q

Social learning theory

A

Pro-rape beliefs and attitudes are learned

  • modelling and reinforcement
  • but not all men with pro rape beliefs rape

Eg following this theory violent pornography would lead to rape, but there is little evidence to support causal relationship

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8
Q

Evolutionary theory

A

Dodgy theory

Rape is partly sexual/ linked to need to reproduce

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9
Q

Raymond Garland

A

Anger-retaliatory/anger-excitement typology

Normal intelligence/not psychopathic
Normal testosterone
All nurture issues (no clear nature issues)
Extensive criminal history - variety of crimes
Range is risk factors - lack of intimate relationships, aggressive thinking, poor impulse control/self-control/cognitive style, sexual preoccupation, sexualised violence

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10
Q

Dennis Ferguson

A

DSM-V = paedophilia

Forced relocation around Qld and NSW due to public outrage and media

Public hostility concern for psychologists

  • judgment affected by anti-paedophile feelings
  • public may refuse treatment facilities in area
  • assessment of risk sometimes made under public pressure
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11
Q

Qld Dangerous Prisoners (Sexual Offenders) Act 2003

A

Allows court to keep prisoners in prison indeterminately

2 options - continuing detention or supervision order

Introduced in response to high profile cases - Dennis Ferguson and

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