SEX LINKAGE AND DNA & CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE Flashcards

1
Q

The term “sex” refers to an organism’s sexual _____.

A

phenotype

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2
Q

Y-linked markers are

A

DNA sequences on the Y chromosome that vary among individual males.

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3
Q

In mammals, each inactivated X chromosome forms a darkly staining body known as a _____ body.

A

barr

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4
Q

Individuals with Turner syndrome most often have which sex chromosomes?

A

XO

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5
Q

A woman who is heterozygous for the sex-linked condition of red–green color blindness marries a man with normal vision. Which of these would you not expect to observe among their possible children?

A

a son with normal vision and a daughter who is color blind

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6
Q

Within each female cell, what is true of X chromosomes that are inactivated?

A

The X chromosome that is inactivated is random.

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7
Q

In XX–XO sex determination, males have which sex chromosomes?

A

a single X chromosome

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8
Q

Studies of rare white-eyed males in Drosophila crosses by _____ demonstrated that the gene for white eyes is on the X chromosome and confirmed the chromosome theory of inheritance.

A

Bridges

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9
Q

Assume that a mutation occurs in the Xist gene of a XY male that makes the gene inactive. What would you expect would be the phenotypic consequences of this mutation for the male?

A

He would probably have no phenotypic consequences.

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10
Q

What is the sexual phenotype for the X:A ratio equal to 1.3?

A

metafemale

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11
Q

How is dosage compensation achieved in fruit flies?

A

doubling gene activity on the X chromosome of males but not of females

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12
Q

In which sex-determining system is the female the heterogametic sex?

A

ZZ–ZW

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13
Q

What does functional hemizygosity mean?

A

The cells in an individual female are not identical with respect to the expression of the genes on the X chromosome.

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14
Q

A eukaryotic diploid cell from an organism with the XX–XO sex determination system has two pairs of autosomes and one X chromosome. One pair of autosomes has a heterozygous locus with alleles A and a. The other pair of autosomes has a heterozygous locus with alleles B and b. What is the probability of a gamete from this individual having this genotype: alleles a and b, without chromosome X?

A

1/8

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15
Q

Fruit flies with XXY sex chromosomes and all other chromosomes normal in number have which sexual phenotype?

A

female

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16
Q

A woman who is homozygous for the sex-linked recessive condition of red–green color blindness marries a man with normal vision. Among their possible children, which of these would you expect not to see?

A

a boy with normal vision

17
Q

What is the likely proportion of white-eyed and red-eyed flies in a cross between a red-eyed male (X+Y) and a white-eyed female (XwXw)?

A

50% red-eyed, 50% white-eyed

18
Q

Watson and Crick first proposed that DNA exists as a

A

double helix.

19
Q

Which enzyme or enzymes destroyed the transforming substance in Avery and colleagues’ experiments?

A

DNase

20
Q

Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

Which of these is not a part of a nucleotide?

a nitrogen-containing base

an -R group

a sugar

a phosphate

A

an -R group

21
Q

A graduate student hoping to specialize in virology is studying the process of viral DNA integration within host cells by bacteriophages. If they desire to configure a means of mitigating that integration, which of these steps would not help in decreasing bacteriophage replication?

A

removal of phage head after host attachment

22
Q

Jean is developing a genetics protocol based on base composition. From her sequencing data, she gathered that the ratio of (A + T) to (C + G) is 1:4, respectively. She also noted the RNA strand shown. What is the original DNA strand sequence and structure that is observed?

5’-UAACCUACCGGGGGCCUCGGGCAU-3’

5’-UACGGGCUCCGGGGGCCAUCCAAU-3’; Z-DNA

5’-TAACCTACCGGGGGCCTCGGGCAT-3’; A-DNA

5’-ATGCCCGAGGCCCCCGGTAGGTTA-3; B-DNA

5’-ATGCCCGAGGCCCCCGGTAGGTTA-3’; Z-DNA

A

5’-ATGCCCGAGGCCCCCGGTAGGTTA-3’; Z-DNA

23
Q

Which of these statements is NOT consistent with Chargaff’s findings about the composition of DNA?

A

The combined amount of adenine and thymine is equal to the combined amount of guanine and cytosine.

24
Q

If the percentage of cytosine in a sample of DNA is 18%, what is the likely percentage of adenine?

A

32%

25
Q

The primary structure of DNA can be modified through a process called methylation. Considering nitrogenous bases, which of these sequences is more likely to undergo methylation if found in plant DNA?

A

5’-CCCCAAACCGTAACCC-3’

26
Q

Each sequence indicates one of two strands of a DNA molecule. The two strands of which molecule would be held together most tightly?

A

5’-GGGGGGGGGG-3’

27
Q

Chromosomal puffs on polytene chromosomes in Drosophila indicate areas of active

A

transcription.

28
Q

Most DNA is _____ supercoiled, which eases the separation of the two strands during replication and transcription.

A

negatively

29
Q

Which statement best describes chromatin associated with actively transcribed genes as compared to chromatin associated with genes which are not being actively transcribed?

A

more relaxed and more acetylated

30
Q

A stretch of 100 base pairs of DNA contains 15 complete rotations. This DNA molecule is

A

positively supercoiled.

31
Q

All of these repeated sequences can be found in telomeres EXCEPT

CCGGGG.

TTGGGG.

TTAGGG.

TTAGGC.

A

CCGGGG.