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Human Sexuality > Sex hormones and menstrual cycle terms > Flashcards

Sex hormones and menstrual cycle terms Flashcards

1
Q

any of steroid hormones that are active in sexual and reproductive physiology

A

sex steroid

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2
Q

any of a class of steroids- the most important being testosterone- that promote male sexual development and that have a variety of other functions in both sexes

A

androgen

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3
Q

any of a class steroids -the most important being estradiol - that promote the development of female secondary sexual characteristics at puberty and that have many other functions in both sexes

A

estrogen

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4
Q

an of a class of steroids, the most important being progesterone, that cause the endometrium to proliferate and help maintain pregnancy. (The term progestin is sometimes reserved for synthetic compounds)

A

progestin (or progestagen)

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5
Q

a steroid hormone secreted by the ovary and the placenta; it is necessary for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy

A

progesterone

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6
Q

the principal estrogen, secreted by granulosa cells in ovarian follicles

A

estradiol

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7
Q

the principle androgen, synthesized in the testes and, in lesser amounts, in the ovaries and adrenal glands

A

testosterone

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8
Q

an androgen that plays an important role in the development of the male external genitalia

A

DHT (dihyrdotestosterone)

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9
Q

the enzyme that converts testosterone to estradiol

A

aromatase

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10
Q

the enzyme that converts testosterone to DHT

A

5-reductase

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11
Q

a gland near the kidney that secretes a variety of steroids, including sex steroids

A

adrenal glands

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12
Q

a secretory structure in the ovary derived from an ovarian follicle after ovulation

A

corpus luteum

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13
Q

cells within the corpus luteum that secrete progesterone

A

granulosa - lutein cells

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14
Q

a molecular structure to which a hormone or neurotransmitter binds. upon binding, the receptor trigger a specific cellular activity

A

receptor

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15
Q

a long polymer made up of amino acids

A

protein

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16
Q

a polymer of amino acids, usually shorter than a protein

A

peptide

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17
Q

a gland situated below, and under the control of, the hypothalamus; its posterior lobe secretes oxytocin and vasopressin, and its anterior lobe secretes gonadotrophins and other hormones

A

pituitary gland

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18
Q

a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of gonadotrophins from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone GnRH

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19
Q

a region of the hypothalamus where GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) is secreted, located immediately above the pituitary gland

A

median eminence

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20
Q

one the two major gonadotrophins secreted by the pituitary gland; it promotes maturation of gametes

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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21
Q

one of the two major gonadotrophins secreted by the pituitary gland; it promotes the secretion of androgens and, in females, participates in the regulation of menstrual cycle

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

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22
Q

a hormone that regulates the function of gonads

A

gonadotropin

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23
Q

a protein hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that promotes breast development, among other effects

A

prolactin

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24
Q

a protein hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that promotes growth

A

growth hormone

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25
Q

a gonadotropin secreted by the conceptus and by the placenta; it prevents regression of corpus luteum

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

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26
Q

the developing organism from the 2-cell stage onward, including both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues

A

conceptus

27
Q

a peptide hormone involved in the interaction between the pituitary gland and the gonads as well as in other functions

A

inhibin

28
Q

a peptide hormone secreted by Sertoli Cells of the testis that prevents the development of the female internal reproductive tract

A

anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)

29
Q

a group of nonsteroidal signaling molecules that, among many other functions, help prepare the uterus for childbirth

A

prostaglandins

30
Q

compounds containing an amine group, including catecholamines and serotonin

A

monoamines

31
Q

a monoamine derived from amino acid tryptohan that functions as a neurotransmitter

A

serotonin

32
Q

a catecholamine that serves as a neurotransmitter and also as a hormone, inhibiting that release of prolactin from anterior lobe of the pituitary glands

A

dopomine

33
Q

a control system in which a compound directly or indirectly lowers its own rate of synthesis or secretion

A

negative feedback

34
Q

a region of the hypothalamus involved in the regulation of sexual behaviors typically shown by males

A

medial preoptic area

35
Q

the breakdown and shedding of the endometrium at approximately monthly intervals, with consequent loss of tissue and blood from the vagina

A

menstruation

36
Q

a rare but life-threatening illness caused by a staphylococcal infection and associated with tampon use

A

menstrual toxic shock syndrome

37
Q

a cup placed within the vagina that collects the menstrual flow

A

menstrual cup

38
Q

release of an ovum from the ovary

A

ovulation

39
Q

pain associated with ovulation

A

mittelschemerz

40
Q

the phase of the menstrual cycle during which follicles are developing under the in the influence of gonadotropins

A

follicular phase

41
Q

an alternative term for follicular phase

A

preovulatory phase

42
Q

the phase of the menstrual cycle between ovulation and the beginning of menstruation.

A

luteal phase

43
Q

an alternative term for luteal phase

A

postovulatory phase

44
Q

an oocyte arrested in its first meiotic division

A

primary oocyte

45
Q

an undeveloped primary oocyte with its surrounding granulosa cells

A

primordial follicle

46
Q

a follicle that has enlarged but does not yet have an antrum

A

preantral follicle

47
Q

the cavity that form in ovarian follicle as it matures

A

antrum

48
Q

the single enlarged antral follicle that will ovulate in a particular cycle

A

preovulatory follicle

49
Q

the oocyte in preovulatory follicle after it has completed its first meiotic division

A

secondary oocyte

50
Q

a small body containing the discarded chromosomes from an oocytes’s first meiotic division

A

first polar body

51
Q

a layer of cells derived from the granulosa cells of an ovarian follicle, that surrounds the ovum after ovulation

A

cumulus cells

52
Q

a mature female gamete, prior to or immediately after fertilization

A

ovum

53
Q

the arteries that supply the blood to the endometrium

A

spiral arteries

54
Q

cells of the corpus lutuem, derived from follicular thecal cells, that synthesize testosterone

A

theca-lutein cells

55
Q

sharp pelvic pains that may accompany or precede menstration

A

menstrual cramps

56
Q

menstruation accompanied by pain

A

dysmenorrhea

57
Q

a collection of physical and/ or psychological symptoms that may begin a few days before the menstrual period and continue into the period

A

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

58
Q

PMS- associated mood changes that are serve enough to interfere with relationships

A

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

59
Q

absence of mentruation

A

amenorrhea

60
Q

infrequent or irregular menstruation

A

oligomenorrhea

61
Q

failure to commence menstruation at puberty

A

primary amenorrhea

62
Q

excessively heavy menstrual bleeding

A

menorrihagia

63
Q

estrogen-like compounds of plant origin

A

isoflavones

Human Sexuality (3 decks)

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