Sex, gender and androgyny

Question 1

what are sex role stereotypes

Answer 1

set of shared beliefs/expectations people in a society/culture hold about what acceptable behaviour is for a male/female

Question 2

how are sex roles learned explicitly

Answer 2

from socialisation - via social learning theory

Question 3

how are sex roles learned implicitly

Answer 3

as children are exposed to the attitudes of others

Question 4

what is the problem with sex role stereotypes

Answer 4

they may have no truth and lead to discrimination

Question 5

which sort of individuals reinforce gender expectations

Answer 5

parents, peers, the media, institutions (schools)

Question 6

what is sex

Answer 6

the biological differences between men and women (XX vs XY)

Question 7

what is gender

Answer 7

the psychological (behavioural) disctinction between masculine and feminine personality traits

Question 8

what study found evidence of the role of the media in sex role stereotypes

Answer 8

Furnham and Farragher - men more likely to be shown in professional contexts, women in domestic settings

Question 9

what study found evidence for parents teaching their kids sex role stereotypes

Answer 9

Rubin - within 24 hours of a baby being born its described as ‘strong/good leader’ for boy, ‘soft/delicate’ for girl

Question 10

what is androgyny

Answer 10

a personality type characterised by a balanced combination of masculine and feminine traits

Question 11

name an example of an androgynous person

Answer 11

david beckham - aggressive in football, sensitive father

Question 12

who studied androgyny

Answer 12

sandra bem

Question 13

who argued for a link between androgyny and psychological well being

Answer 13

sandra bem

Question 14

what link was found between androgyny and psychological well being

Answer 14

higher androgyny - better wellbeing

Question 15

what is the reason for the link between androgyny and well being

Answer 15

the less expectation there is to be forced into one of male/female traits, the more comfortable people are with their own personality

Question 16

what does being androgyny change about how you are able to handle situations

Answer 16

handle them more flexibly - better equipped to adapt

Question 17

what did sandra bem create

Answer 17

BSRI - Bem Sex Role Inventory

Question 18

what is the BSRI

Answer 18

list of 60 personality traits - 20 masculine, 20 feminine, 20 neutral

Question 19

how does a person complete the BSRI

Answer 19

rate themselves on a 7 point likert scale (never true - always true) for each trait, total the score for masc/fem/neu traits, giving them a score for androgyny/feminity/masculinity

Question 20

what scale is used in the BSRI

Answer 20

7 point likert scale (always true -never true)

Question 21

how did sandra bem create the BSRI

Answer 21

asked 100 american students for desirable masc and fem traits (list of 200 narrowed to 40)

Question 22

what do the neutral personality trait items in the BSRI act as

Answer 22

distractors - improving the validity of the test

Question 23

if a person is categorised as masculine by the BSRI what type of scores do they get

Answer 23

high masc, low fem

Question 24

if a person is categorised as feminine by the BSRI what type of scores do they get

Answer 24

low masc, high fem

Question 25

if a person is categorised as androgynous by the BSRI what type of scores do they get

Answer 25

high masc, high fem

Question 26

who added the fourth category to the BSRI

Answer 26

Spence et al 1970

Question 27

what is the fourth category of the BSRI

Answer 27

undifferentiated

Question 28

what scores does a person have to have on the BSRI to be allocated undifferentiated

Answer 28

low masc, low fem

Question 29

why did spence add the fourth category to the BSRI

Answer 29

Bem hadn't differentiated between androgynous people (both high scores) and people with neither traits (both low scores)