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PDHP Year 10 > Sex, Drugs + Rock n Roll > Flashcards

Sex, Drugs + Rock n Roll Flashcards

1
Q

what negative risks do young people engage in?

A
  • Drugs
  • Crime
  • Overdosing
  • Not asking for consent
  • Not studying
  • Giving up on hobbies
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2
Q

what are positive risks ?

A
  • Asking for permission
  • Going to events
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3
Q

what are reasons for engaging in risky behaviour?

A

Peer pressure
Drugs
Not fully developed brain
Less maturity
Overconfidence
To have fun
To show off
Relationships
Drinking

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4
Q

What are 2 ways drugs are classified?

A
  • Their effect on the body
  • Whether they are legal or illegal
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5
Q

Give examples of illegal drugs and their classification?

A

Cocaine (S)
Heroine (D)
Marijuana (H)
Steroids (S)

Depressants – slow down the function of the central nervous system.

Hallucinogens – affect your senses and change the way you see, hear, taste, smell or feel things

Stimulants – speed up the function of the central nervous system.

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6
Q

is alcohol legal ?

A

Y

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7
Q

what is difference btw therapeutic and recreational drug?

A

A recreational drug : drug taken for its psychoactive nature, with users thinking that their sporadic consumption cannot be addictive.

therapeutics: branch of medicine that is concerned with the treatment of disease. The therapeutic dose is the amount needed to treat a disease.

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8
Q

give a summary of codeine?

A

Codeine: opioid medication to treat pain and suppress coughing.

It works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain to alter perception of pain.

However, due to its potential for abuse and addiction, many countries regulate its use, often requiring a prescription.

Prolonged, excessive use of codeine can lead to tolerance, dependence, and potentially life-threatening respiratory depression.

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9
Q

Outline Alcohol use in Aus?

A

Alcohol consumption varies across different age groups - and poses significant health and societal challenges:

  • The 70+ age group: highest number of daily drinkers in Australia.
  • Approximately 17% of Australians over 14 engage in drinking levels that pose long-term alcohol-related risks.
  • 7 % of individuals aged 12+ consume 11 + standard drinks in a single drinking occasion within a year.
  • 1 in 4 women continue to drink alcohol during pregnancy.
  • Alcohol-related tax revenue amounts = $7 billion, yet the societal cost of alcohol = $15.3 billion annually.
  • Alcohol-related deaths outnumber road accident deaths by more than twice.
  • 1 in 10 workers reports experiencing negative effects due to a colleague’s alcohol use.
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10
Q

Outline Alcohol and the brain ?

A

Alcohol : rapidly absorbed depressant that affects the brain within minutes of consumption,

heavy drinking, during and after brain development can adversely impact brain function: impedes cell growth in the frontal lobe, responsible for higher mental processes like planning, poor attention, impaired decision-making- affecting mental health and educational performance.

While the long-term effects of excessive alcohol consumption during adolescence on the brain can prompt risky behaviors such as drunk driving and unsafe sex,

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11
Q

Alcohol effects everyone differently:: what are the factors ?

A

size, weight, health
whether person is used to it
whether taken with drugs
amount drunk
strength of drink

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12
Q

Effect of alcohol ?

A

relaxed
decreed concentration
slower reflexes
increased confidence
feeling happier or sadder

A LOT of alcohol : -
blurred vision
clumsiness
memory loss
nausea, vomiting
passing out
coma
death

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13
Q

Hangovers signs ?

A

headache
nausea
diarrhoea
trembles
Increased heart Rate
dry mouth
trouble concentrating
anxiety
poor sleep

**Basically like our migraines!!!

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14
Q

what are long-term effects of alcohol?

A

depression
poor memory and brain damage
difficulty getting an erection
difficulty having children
liver disease
cancer
high blood pressure and heart disease
needing to drink more to get the same effect
physical dependence on alcohol

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15
Q

outline alcohol and MH?

A

Research shows a relationship between people who are dependent on alcohol and increased mental health issues.

People with mental health issues may drink more alcohol to self-medicate. This can lead to longer-term anxiety and depression

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16
Q

Tolerance and dependence?

A

People who regularly use alcohol can become dependent on the drug…feel they need alcohol to go about their normal activities

They may also develop a tolerance to it… they need to drink larger amounts of alcohol to get the same effect.

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17
Q

outline Mixing alcohol with other drugs?

A

The effects of drinking and taking other drugs − including over-the-counter or prescribed medications − can be unpredictable and dangerous, and could cause:

  • Alcohol + cannabis: nausea, vomiting, panic, anxiety and paranoia.
  • Alcohol + energy drinks (with caffeine ), ice , speed or ecstasy: more risky behaviour, body under great stress, overdose more likely.

-Alcohol + GHB or benzodiazepines: decreased heart rate, overdose more likely.

18
Q

Outline withdrawals?

A

Giving up alcohol after a long time is challenging because the body has to get used to functioning without it.

Withdrawal symptoms can start within a few hours after the last drinks and can last for two to seven days. Symptoms include:

sweating
tremors
nausea
anxiety, irritability, difficultly sleeping
seizure of fits
poor appetite
delusions and hallucinations
death.

19
Q

Outline alcohol and the law ?

A

These laws may differ depending on the state, territory, or local area EG : illegal to drink alcohol in public places such as beaches, parks and streets.

It’s an offence for a person who is under 18 years of age to buy, receive or drink alcohol on licensed premises, unless they are with a parent or guardian.

In some states in Australia, it’s also an offence to supply a person under 18 years of age with alcohol in a private home, unless the young person’s parent or guardian has given permission and the alcohol is supplied in a responsible manner.

It is illegal to drive under the influence of alcohol.

20
Q

Drinking stats?

A

Alcohol is the most widely used drug in Australia

Around 1 in 5 Australians aged 14 years or older drink at levels that put them at risk of alcohol-related harm over their lifetime.

Around 1 in 9 people aged 18 years had consumed 11 or more standard drinks on a single drinking occasion in the past 12 months

Around 1 in 10 of people who drink are dependent on alcohol

52% of Australians took action to reduce their drinking

1 in 3 of women drink alcohol while pregnant

8.9% of Australians who used to drink now abstain

21% of Australians aged 18 years or older abstain from drinking alcohol

21
Q

alcohol and young people?

A

Young Australians (aged 14–24) have their first full serve of alcohol at 16.2 years on average.

15% of sexually active students reported that the last time they had sex they were under the influence of alcohol or other drugs.

More than 1 in 10 deaths of Australian teens aged 14 -17 are related to alcohol consumption.

Nearly half (47%) of people aged 12 years or older had their first glass of alcohol supplied by a parent

(25%) were supplied their first glass by their friend.

22
Q

***See notes also for guidelines, standards drinks, and teens and alcohol use

A

Well done !

23
Q

Outline teens and Caffiene..?

A

a stimulant found in coffee, tea, energy drinks, and chocolate.

Some key points regarding caffeine use and teenagers include:

  1. Consumption patterns: Many teenagers regularly consume caffeinated beverages to stay awake, improve concentration, or simply enjoy the taste.
  2. Health considerations: Excessive caffeine intake can lead to increased heart rate, sleep disturbances, anxiety, and in some cases, headaches and digestive issues.
  3. Impact on sleep: Caffeine consumption, especially later in the day, can disrupt sleep patterns - impacting overall well-being and cognitive function.
  4. Psychological effects: can contribute to heightened anxiety, nervousness, and irritability in teenagers,
  5. Educational impact: Poor sleep and increased anxiety, stemming from excessive caffeine consumption, can negatively affect performance academically.
23
Q

Outline inhalants ?

A

Inhalants are common household,industrial and medical products that produce vapours, which some people inhale (breathe in) to make them feel intoxicated or high.

see notes for diagram ***

24
Q

Summarize Nicotine ?

A

Nicotine use among teenagers …significant public health challenge … due to its addictive properties and potential long-term health effects.

Teenagers are drawn to nicotine through vaping and smoking, influenced by social pressures, perceived advantages, and tobacco industry marketing.

Nicotine can impair adolescent brain development, affecting cognitive functions, attention, and memory, while also heightening the risk of addiction and causing respiratory issues and cardiovascular diseases.

Nicotine use can also impact behavior and mental health, leading to increased impulsivity, mood disturbances, and a greater likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors.

25
Q

Summary of vaping ?

A

E-cigarettes are battery-operated devices that are used to heat a liquid to produce a vapour, which is then inhaled – mimicking the act of smoking. This is commonly referred to as ‘vaping’.

E-cigarettes are mostly used to vape nicotine e-liquid solutions. Devices can also be used to inhale other drugs such as THC (cannabis)1 or nicotine-free ‘e-liquids’ which are made from a mixture of chemicals including solvents, sweeteners, and flavourings such as fruit, lollies, coffee or alcohol

26
Q

Outline list of illicit drugs ?

A

Cannabis
Inhalants
Halucinogenics
Amphetamines
Steroids
Opiates
Cocaine
Ecstasy

See table in notes of Prevalaence ***

27
Q

What is medical marijuana?

A

refers to cannabis that is intended for therapeutic use and is
regulated as a prescription pharmaceutical
formulation.

This differs from raw botanical cannabis that is consumed or smoked for recreational or medical purposes.

28
Q

What may lead to unprotected sexual
intercourse, premature sexual initiation, and multiple sexual partners?

A

adolescent substance use

29
Q

What also may occur with teen substance use?

A

risk for unintended pregnancy,
sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and sexual assault.

29
Q

Define consent?

A

Consent is when one person agrees VOLUNTARILY to or gives permission VOLUNTARILY to another person to do
something.

It means agreeing to an action based on your knowledge of what that action involves, its likely consequences and having the option of saying no.

30
Q

What is sexual consent?

A

It means freely agreeing to engage in the following actions:
 A penis touching the vagina, anus or mouth
 An object or another part of the body coming into contact with the vagina or
anus
 Touching a person in a sexual way,

31
Q

what is legal age of consent?

A
  • NSW, ACT, NT, VIC, QLD & WA is 16
  • TAS & SA is 17
32
Q

what are 3 conditions for sexual consent?

A
  1. The right age: old enough to make sexual decisions.
  2. Sober: If someone is drunk, stoned or semi-conscious or unconscious, their ability to make decisions is impaired, so they cannot freely give consent.
  3. Mentally and physically able: A person has to have the mental ability to make decisions and the physical ability to communicate their desires.
33
Q

What r key points about sexual consent ?

A
  1. Consent must be freely given and voluntary.
  2. ‘No’ always means ‘no,’ and a lack of an affirmative ‘yes’ also implies ‘no.’
  3. Consent cannot be coerced or manipulated.
  4. Both partners must have a clear understanding of what they’re agreeing to.
  5. The initiator is responsible for asking and receiving consent.
  6. Consent is an ongoing conversation and can be withdrawn at any time.
  7. Consent cannot be assumed or implied from past actions, relationship status, or previous sexual activity.
  8. Communication must be clear and unambiguous.
  9. Silence or lack of response does not imply consent.
  10. Not resisting physically does not imply consent.
  11. People who are impaired by substances or unconscious cannot give legal or practical consent. Both parties should be sober and alert for clear communication about consent.
34
Q

How do you know if someone has freely given consent?

A

if they tell you.

35
Q

What is best way to determine if someone is
uncomfortable with any situation, especially with a sexual one?

A
  1. Is there anything that you don't want to do?
  2. Are you happy with this?
  3. Are you comfortable?
  4. Do you want to stop?
  5. Do you want to go further?
36
Q

by LAW, consent is not freely given if?

A

Here’s a summary of the provided points:

  1. A person says yes due to force, fear, or fraud.
  2. A person says yes due to emotional manipulation or guilt-tripping.
  3. A person says yes out of fear of harm to themselves or others.
  4. A person says yes because they are unlawfully held or trapped.
  5. A person is unable to consent due to being asleep, unconscious, or heavily influenced by substances.
  6. A person lacks the capacity to understand the sexual nature of the act.
  7. A person is mistaken about the nature of the sexual act or the identity of the person involved.
  8. A person is mistaken about the act, believing it is for medical or hygienic purposes.
37
Q

What r 2 Key Msg’s to always remember for a safe and positive sexual experience?

A
  • An absence of a no, does not equal a yes

 Always leave a person in a better condition than you found them

38
Q

What is New Consent Laws in NSW?

A

In sexual assault cases, the following must be
proven:
1. There must be proof the that accused/defendant took active steps to gain consent
2. There must be proof that the victim did/did not communicate through action or words that they consent.

***This new law had come in to allow for greater justice for victims of sexual assault

39
Q

Alcohol use in young people?

A

Concerning young people:

  • The average age for a first full serve of alcohol is 16.1 years.
  • 82% of 12-17-year-olds abstain from alcohol consumption in a year.
  • 17% of sexually active students report being intoxicated during their last sexual encounter.
  • Alcohol contributes significantly to the leading causes of teen death, including injury, homicide, and suicide.
  • Nearly half of people aged 12 and older have their first glass of alcohol supplied by a friend, and about one-fourth receive it from their parents.

PDHP Year 10 (2 decks)

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