Sex and Behaviour - 2 Flashcards
Phoenix et al., (1959)
Pregnant guinea pigs treated prenatally with testosterone
offspring were gonadectomised and treated with estrogen or testosterone
prenatally testosterone-treated females less likely lordosis
when continued to be treated with testosterone they were more likely to do mounting behaviour
Grady et al., (1965)
exposing rats to androgens prior to 10 days old cause masculinisation and defeminisation of behaviour
no exposure caused the opposite
if exposed after 25 days old - no affects happened
what does Grady et al., (1965) suggest?
that there sensitive periods for organisational affects
Interuterine Environment:
Hurd et al., (2008)
females show more aggression, abnormal reproductive cycles & less attractiveness to males
when next to males in uterus
Meisal & Ward (1981)
Uterine blood flow in rats from cervix to ovary: females ‘downstream’ of a male are more vulnerable to masculinising effects affect
Ward & Stehm (1991)
male offspring of stressed mothers produce less testosterone leading to decrease in rough-and-tumble play
Further Research:
Debold & Whalen (1975)
lab experiment
female rats were injected with testosterone
tried to mount other females
24 hours after birth
testosterone was proportional to the decrease of lordosis position
Further Research:
Bertin et al., (2008)
In birds, yolk steroid levels vary with maternal environment and condition
Two groups of quail:
One habituated to humans (H)
One not habituated (NH)
Exposed to brief human disturbances
NH females produced eggs with less androgens and more Immunoreactive progesterone compared to H birds
NH eggs less yolk, heavier shell, later hatching and smaller chicks
Show behavioural habituation has effects on eggs and offspring
Further Research:
Debold & Whalen (1975)
what does it suggest?
amount of testosterone also affects behaviour
Further Research:
Bertin et al., (2008)
